Can MRI replace unnecessary biopsies for prostate cancer patients?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

* INCLUSION CRITERIA: * Participants must have confirmed histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate within 2 years prior to study entry. Pathologic diagnosis must be confirmed by Laboratory of Pathology, NCI. If archival tissue is unavailable or insufficient for this purpose, a fresh biopsy will be collected. * Biopsy confirmed prostate cancer with Gleason less than or equal to 3+4=7 (primary pattern 3) * Clinical stage: cT1C or cT2A * Adult males, greater than or equal to 18 years old NOTE: Children are excluded because prostate cancer is not common in pediatric populations. Women are not eligible because this disease occurs only in men. * Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document All participants should have a consent signed that demonstrates an understanding of active surveillance and the decision to choose active surveillance for their prostate cancer. * Subjects must be co-enrolled to NCI protocol 16-C-0010 Care of the Prostate Cancer Patient and Prospective Procurement of Prostate Cancer Tissue EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * Metastatic prostate cancer/locally advanced disease * Previous radiation to the pelvis * Contraindications to prostate biopsy, including: * Bleeding disorder that is not currently treated and stable with normal INR values greater than 2 and PT, PTT less than or equal to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal value. * Severe immunocompromise with CD4 count of less than 200 in HIV patients and bone marrow transplantation patients and or patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. * Severe hemorrhoids grade 3 and above * Prior surgery in the pelvis that prevents accurate imaging or biopsy including low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection. * Prior focal or whole gland therapy of the prostate for prostate cancer * Contraindication to mpMRI, including allergy or sensitivity to contrast agents or insufficient renal function to safely tolerate MRI contrast agent * mpMRI evidence of greater than or equal to T3 disease, including seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), extraprostatic extension (EPE) or locoregional spread of disease * Any other medical conditions deemed by the PI or associates to make the participants ineligible for protocol procedures