Ketone supplement shows promise for brain fog in early memory loss

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 55 years or older * Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) SCD CRITERIA: * Self-experienced, persistent decline of cognitive abilities within the last 5 years in relation to a previously normal status * Normal results on demographically adjusted standardized cognitive tests * Accompanied by concerns associated with SCD and a feeling of worse performance than others in the same age group * Decline must not be related to a specific event or explained by a specific disease, medical disorder, medication, or substance abuse MCI CRITERIA * Fulfils criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5): * Demographically adjusted performance between -1 and -2 SD below average in one or more cognitive domains on standardized cognitive tests * Accompanied by concern from the individual, a knowledgeable informant, or clinician indicating mild cognitive decline * Capacity for independent daily activities is maintained Exclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnoses of psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, depression) * Diagnosed major neurocognitive disorder (i.e., dementia) * Association of SCD or MCI with delirium * Diagnosed cardiometabolic disease (Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>160 mm Hg, and/or diastolic blood pressure \>100 mm Hg, Type 2 diabetes) * Substance use disorder * History of heart attack or stroke requiring hospitalization in the past 3 years * MRI contraindications, including implanted medical devices * Experiencing residual fatigue, brain fog, or tiredness post-acute illness (i.e., long-COVID) * Severe literacy, visual, hearing, and/or speech impairment that would make participation in the study difficult or impossible * Individuals who are not fluent in Swiss German or German