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Iron deficiency may blunt vaccine protection, study suggests

NCT ID NCT04915820

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 26, 2026 · Last updated Jun 26, 2026

Summary

This study looked at whether iron deficiency anemia makes COVID-19 vaccines less effective in young women. Researchers gave intravenous iron to 121 participants and measured their immune responses. The goal was to see if correcting iron deficiency could boost vaccine protection.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
intravenous iron (ferric carboxymaltose)
What this could lead to
If iron deficiency is shown to weaken vaccine response, treating it could improve vaccine effectiveness in vulnerable populations.
What could go wrong
This is a small, completed observational study without a control group. Results may not apply broadly, and iron treatment carries rare risks like allergic reactions.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

121 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

May 2021

Finished

Sep 2021

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 55 years

Sex

Female participants only

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 18-55 years old Zinc protoporphyrin \> or equal 40 mmol/mol heme hemoglobin \< or equal 109 g/L no malaria no known HIV infection no medical condition that precludes study involvement no iron supplementation 1 week prior to study start no recent tuberculosis infection no vaccination of yellow fever or influenza prior to enrolment not pregnant Exclusion Criteria: \-

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

COVID-19 iron deficiency anemia

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

COVID-19 vaccine Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency anemia treatment Vaccine response impaired

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Msambweni County Referral Hospital

    Msambweni, Kwale County, Kenya

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.