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Can a puff of insulin replace a daily shot for diabetes?

NCT ID NCT00391027

Disease control Sponsor: Pfizer Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Aug 11, 2026 · Last updated Aug 12, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This trial tests whether an inhaled form of insulin (Exubera) can control blood sugar as effectively as a daily insulin injection (Lantus) in adults with type 2 diabetes who are not well controlled on two or more oral medications. Participants are randomly assigned to add either the inhaled insulin or the injected insulin to their current oral diabetes drugs. The main goal is to compare changes in HbA1c, a key marker of long-term blood sugar control, over 26 weeks.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Inhaled human insulin (Exubera) compared to insulin glargine (Lantus), both added to existing oral diabetes medications.
What this could lead to
If inhaled insulin works as well as a daily injection, it could offer a needle-free option for managing type 2 diabetes, potentially improving convenience and adherence.
What could go wrong
This is a phase 4 trial that was terminated early, so results may be incomplete. Inhaled insulin may not suit everyone, especially those with lung conditions, and could have side effects like cough or changes in lung function.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 4

Runs after approval, following long-term safety and how well the treatment works in everyday use.

Participants

261 people

The number who actually took part.

Start date

Dec 2006

Finished

Aug 2008

Lead sponsor

A company

The lead sponsor is a pharmaceutical, biotech, or medical-device company.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

30 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 on oral agents * Age \> 30 years Exclusion Criteria: * Severe Asthma, severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease * Smoking

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

Insulin Resistance type 2 diabetes mellitus

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Bornem, 2800, Belgium

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Brussels, 1070, Belgium

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Genk, 3600, Belgium

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Liège, 4000, Belgium

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Kuopio, 70210, Finland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Lahti, 15110, Finland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Oulu, 90100, Finland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Besançon, 25030, France

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Corbeil-Essonnes, 91106, France

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    La Rochelle, 17019, France

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Marseille, 13385, France

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Paris, 75475, France

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Valenciennes, 59300, France

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Altenburg, 04600, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Eisenach, 99817, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Hamburg, 20253, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Hohenmölsen, 06679, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Leipzig, 04103, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Neuss, 41460, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Riesa, 01587, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Wangen / Allgaeu, 88239, Germany

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    's-Hertogenbosch, 5233 VG, Netherlands

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Eindhoven, 5631 BM, Netherlands

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Nijmegen, 6525 EC, Netherlands

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    The Hague, 2512 VA, Netherlands

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Venlo, 5912 BL, Netherlands

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Hønefoss, Buskerud, 3505, Norway

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Bergen, 5012, Norway

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Jessheim, 2050, Norway

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Lysaker, Norway

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Skedsmokorset, N-2020, Norway

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Lodz, 90-030, Poland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Lodz, 93-338, Poland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Lublin, 20-536, Poland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Warsaw, 02-097, Poland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Łask, 98-100, Poland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, 07014, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Inca, Mallorca, 07300, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa CRUZ DE Tenerife, 38320, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Alzira, Valencia, 46600, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    A Coruña, 15006, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Huelva, 21080, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Málaga, 29006, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Valencia, 46015, Spain

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Borås, 501 82, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Eksjö, 575 36, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Gothenburg, 412 55, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Gothenburg, 41665, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Härnösand, 871 82, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Helsingborg, 25220, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Järfälla, 177 31, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Kristianstad, 291 54, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Linköping, 581 85, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Luleå, 972 33, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Malmö, 211 52, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Motala, 591 85, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Stockholm, 118 83, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Uddevalla, 451 50, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Umeå, 901 85, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Vaxjo, 351 85, Sweden

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Bruderholz, 4101, Switzerland

  • Pfizer Investigational Site

    Sankt Gallen, CH-9007, Switzerland

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Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.