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Immunotherapy cocktail aims to boost breast cancer remission before surgery

NCT ID NCT04373031

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing This study
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 24, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding an immunotherapy drug called IRX 2 to standard pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and chemotherapy can improve outcomes for people with triple-negative breast cancer. The study involves 12 participants who receive the combination before surgery. The main goal is to see if more patients have no cancer left at the time of surgery.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and IRX 2
What this could lead to
If successful, this combination could increase the chance of eliminating all visible cancer before surgery in triple-negative breast cancer patients.
What could go wrong
This is a small, early-phase trial with only 12 participants, so results may not apply widely. The added immunotherapy may also increase side effects without improving outcomes.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 2

Tests whether the treatment actually works, and watches for side effects, in a larger group.

Participants

12 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Dec 2020

Expected to finish

Dec 2026

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Be willing and able to provide written informed consent for the trial. The subject may also provide consent for Future Biomedical Research. However, the subject may participate in the main trial without participating in Future Biomedical Research. 2. Be a male or female subject greater than or equal to 18 years of age on day of signing informed consent. 3. Have locally confirmed TNBC, as defined by the most recent ASCO/CAP guidelines. 4. Have previously untreated locally advanced non-metastatic (M0) TNBC defined as the following combined primary tumor (T) and regional lymph node (N) staging per the current AJCC Version 8 staging criteria for breast cancer staging criteria as assessed by the investigator based on radiological and/or clinical assessment: * T1c, N1-N2 * T2, N0-N2 * T3, N0-N2 * T4a-d, N0-N2 Note: bilateral tumors (i.e., synchronous cancers in both breasts) and/or multi-focal (i.e., 2, separate lesions in the same quadrant)/multi-centric (i.e., 2 separate lesions in different quadrants) tumors are allowed, as well as inflammatory breast cancer, and the tumor with the most advanced T stage should be used to assess the eligibility. 5. Provide a core needle biopsy consisting of at least 1 separate tumor-bearing cores from the primary tumor at screening for translational research (archival is acceptable if sufficient tumor is available; slides are acceptable if at least 15 are available) 6. Have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 assessed within 14 days of treatment initiation. 7. Demonstrate adequate organ function. All screening labs should be performed within 14 days of treatment initiation. 8. Have left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50% or ≥ institution lower limit of normal (LLN) as assessed by echocardiogram (ECHO) or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan performed at screening. 9. Males and female subjects of childbearing potential (Section 5.7.2 - Contraception) must be willing to use an adequate method of contraception as outlined in Section 5.7.2 - Contraception, for the course of the study through 12 months after the last dose of study medication for subjects who have received cyclophosphamide, and 6 months after the last dose of study medication for subjects who did not. Note: Abstinence is acceptable if this is the usual lifestyle and preferred contraception for the subject. 10. (Female subject of childbearing potential) Have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or borderline a serum pregnancy test will be required. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Has a history of invasive malignancy ≤5 years prior to signing informed consent except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or in situ cervical cancer. 2. Has received prior chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy within the past 12 months. 3. Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent or with an agent directed to another co-inhibitory T-cell receptor (e.g., CTLA-4, OX 40, CD137) or has previously participated in MK-3475 clinical trials. 4. Is currently participating in or has participated in an interventional clinical trial with an investigational compound or device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment in this current trial. Note: subject should be excluded if he/she received an investigational agent with anti-cancer or anti-proliferative intent within the last 12 months. 5. Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of the first dose of study treatment. Note: Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally inactivated flu vaccines and are allowed; however intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., FluMist®) are live attenuated vaccines, and are not allowed. 6. Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment. 7. Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment. 8. Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies). 9. Has known active Hepatitis B (e.g., HBsAg reactive) or Hepatitis C (e.g., HCV RNA \[qualitative\] is detected). 10. Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or current pneumonitis. 11. Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy. 12. Has significant cardiovascular disease, such as: * History of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome or coronary angioplasty/stenting/bypass grafting within the last 6 months * Congestive heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-IV or history of CHF NYHA class III or IV 13. Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, lab abnormality or other circumstance that might expose the subject to risk by participating in the trial, confound the results of the trial, or interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the trial in the opinion of the Investigator. 14. Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial in the opinion of the Investigator. 15. Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the screening visit through 12 months after the last dose of trial treatment for subjects who have received cyclophosphamide, and for 6 months after the last dose of study medication for subjects who have not. 16. Has a known hypersensitivity to the components of the study therapy or its analogs. 17. Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis). 18. Allergy to ciprofloxacin (or other quinolones).

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Providence Portland Medical Center

    Portland, Oregon, 97213, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.