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Engineered immune cells join forces with drugs to fight tough cancers

NCT ID NCT04847466

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 24, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This phase II trial tested a combination of three treatments: specially engineered natural killer cells (PD-L1 CAR-NK cells), an immunotherapy drug (pembrolizumab), and an immune booster (N-803) in 18 adults with advanced gastric or head and neck cancer that had not responded to standard care. The goal was to see if this mix could shrink tumors or slow cancer growth. Participants received the cells weekly for six weeks, then every two weeks, along with pembrolizumab every six weeks and N-803 every four weeks, for up to two years.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
PD-L1 CAR-NK cells, pembrolizumab, and N-803
What this could lead to
If successful, this combination could offer a new treatment option for people with advanced gastric or head and neck cancer who have run out of standard therapies.
What could go wrong
This is a small, early-phase trial with only 18 participants, so results may not apply broadly. The treatment involves multiple drugs and cells, which could cause serious side effects or fail to shrink tumors.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 2

Tests whether the treatment actually works, and watches for side effects, in a larger group.

Participants

18 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Dec 2021

Finished

Jan 2026

Lead sponsor

A government research agency

The lead sponsor is the US National Institutes of Health.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 120 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

* INCLUSION CRITERIA: * Gastric/GEJ cancer Cohort: * Participants must have metastatic or unresectable locally advanced Gastric/GEJ cancer that has been histologically confirmed. * Participants must have radiologically evaluable disease, with or without measurable lesions by RECISTv1.1. Evaluable but non-measurable disease include small lesions (longest diameter \<10mm or pathological lymph nodes with \>=10 to \<15mm short axis), ascites, pleural or pericardial effusion, inflammatory breast disease, lymphangitic involvement of skin or lung, abdominal masses/abdominal organomegaly identified by physical exam that is not measurable by reproducible imaging techniques. * Participants must have received or been ineligible to receive first line systemic chemotherapy for Gastric/GEJ cancer. Participants with HER2 positive disease must have received HER2-targeted therapy. * Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Cohort * Participants must have metastatic or unresectable locally advanced HNSCC that has been histologically confirmed. * Participants must have measurable disease by RECISTv1.1. If the participant is one of the first six participants enrolled on study and is part of the safety-lead in, either measurable or evaluable (e.g. ascites, elevated tumor marker, or lesion visualized on imaging) disease will be permitted. * Participants must have received or been ineligible to receive first-line systemic chemotherapy and must have received systemic anti-PD-1 therapy (in the first-line or subsequent-line setting). * Age \>=18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of this investigation combination therapy in participants \<18 years of age, children are excluded from this study, but will be eligible for future pediatric trials. * ECOG performance status \<2 (Karnofsky \>60%) * Participants must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below: * leukocytes \>=3,000/mcL * absolute neutrophil count \>=1,500/mcL * platelets \>=100,000/mcL * total bilirubin within normal institutional limits * AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) \<=2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal * creatinine Creatinine within 1.5X upper limit of normal institutional limits * Participants with treated brain metastases are eligible if follow-up brain imaging after central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy shows no evidence of progression. * Participants with new or progressive brain metastases (active brain metastases) or leptomeningeal disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate CNS specific treatment is not required and is unlikely to be required during the first 7 weeks of therapy. * Participants with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For participants with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load. * Participants on therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin must have an international normalized ratio (INR) that is within target range for their condition at the time of enrollment. * The effects of PD-L1 t-haNKs with N-803 and pembrolizumab on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because these investigational agents teratogenicity is unknown, individuals of child-bearing potential and individuals who can father a child must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry for the duration of study participation and for at least 4 months after last dose of study drug pembrolizumab. * Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * Participants who are receiving any other investigational agents or concurrent anticancer treatment. Palliative radiotherapy is allowed. * Participants with concurrent use of systemic steroids (within 10 days of enrollment), except for physiologic doses of systemic steroid replacement or local (topical, nasal, intraarticular or inhaled) steroid use. * Participants with active systemic autoimmune disease (e.g., lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison s disease, autoimmune disease associated with lymphoma, inflammatory bowel disease). Participants with autoimmune endocrine disorders controlled with medical management (e.g. thyroid disorders, type 1 diabetes, or adrenal insufficiency) will not be excluded * Participants with a history of grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events attributed to pembrolizumab or other anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-CTLA-4 therapy. This exclusion does not apply to participants with permanent endocrine insufficiencies (e.g. adrenal insufficiency or hypothyroidism) under satisfactory medical management. Additionally, participants with grade 2 adverse events attributed to these classes of agents will be excluded with the exception of rash, transient hyperthyroidism, transient liver enzyme abnormalities or other transient events that resolved without steroids or immunomodulatory agents. * HIV or HBV infection due to unknown effect of PD-L1 targeting via a CAR or N-803 in these chronic viral infections. * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, uncontrolled serious cardiac arrhythmia, clinically significant coagulopathy or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements. * Pregnant individuals are excluded from this study because PD-L1 targeting via a CAR has unknown potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with PD-L1 targeting via a CAR and N-803, nursing should be discontinued if the mother is treated on this study for the duration of study participation and for at least 4 months after last dose of any study drug.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

    Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.