Simple IV fluids may shield kidneys during new heart ablation technique

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: Participants must meet all of the following criteria: * Age ≥18 years. * Symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) or persistent AF: 1. Paroxysmal AF: AF that terminates spontaneously or with intervention within 7 days of onset, and meets both of the following: 1. At least 2 symptomatic paroxysmal AF episodes within 6 months before enrollment; 2. At least 1 documented AF episode by electrocardiogram (ECG) or Holter monitoring within 12 months before enrollment. 2. Persistent AF: AF lasting \>7 days and ≤365 days, and meets both of the following: 1. At least 1 symptomatic persistent AF episode within 6 months before enrollment; 2. Persistent AF documented within 12 months before enrollment by either Holter monitoring or 2 ECGs obtained at least 7 days apart. * Failure of antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy, defined as inadequate efficacy and/or intolerance to at least 1 Class I or Class III AAD. * Planned to undergo pulsed field ablation (PFA). * Willing and able to provide written informed consent. * Willing and able to comply with study procedures, including in-hospital assessments and 30-day and 90-day follow-up. Exclusion Criteria: Participants meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded: * AF due to a reversible cause, such as hyperthyroidism or perioperative/cardiothoracic surgery-related AF. * No oral anticoagulation for at least 3 weeks before ablation. * Intracardiac thrombus. * Contraindication to anticoagulant therapy or iodinated contrast media. * Significant valvular heart disease, including moderate or severe aortic stenosis, severe aortic regurgitation, moderate or severe mitral stenosis, or severe mitral regurgitation. * Myocardial infarction within 3 months before enrollment. * Cardiac surgery within 3 months before enrollment. * New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure. * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \<35%. * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. * Severe liver disease (Child-Pugh score \>7). * Stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (eGFR \<30 mL/min/1.73 m²). * History of kidney transplantation. * Need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) at enrollment or any history of prior RRT. * Intravascular iodinated contrast administration within 7 days before enrollment. * Active systemic infection. * Known pregnancy or breastfeeding. * Participation in another clinical trial that may affect the results of this study. * Unwillingness or inability to comply with study procedures and follow-up, including participants considered by the investigator to be at substantial risk for poor adherence.