Hookah warning signs tested in atlanta cafés
NCT ID NCT05916170
First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026
Summary
This study looked at whether posting health warnings in hookah cafés could reduce how much young adults smoke. Researchers measured carbon monoxide levels in 977 customers before and after they smoked. The goal was to see if warnings led to less smoking compared to no warnings.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- What this could lead to
- If effective, health warnings in hookah cafés could help reduce waterpipe tobacco smoking among young adults.
- What could go wrong
- This is a completed observational study, not a treatment trial. The findings may not apply to other settings or populations, and the effect of warnings may be small.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Not a phased trial
Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.
- Participants
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977 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Jun 2023
- Finished
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Nov 2024
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
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Accepted
You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: * Planning to enter the hookah café where study is being conducted * Age 18 or older * English speaking * Planning to smoke hookah inside * Not planning to smoke cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos or marijuana while at the hookah café * Had not previously entered the café earlier in the day on the same day/night as data collection * Has not been approached to participate in the study at another café or another day/night at the current café * Are not employees of the business * Have capacity to participate as determined by the staff member conducting eligibility screening Exclusion Criteria: * Not planning to enter the hookah café where the study is being conducted * Age 17 and under * Non-English speaking * Not planning to smoke hookah in the café * Planning to smoke cigarettes, cigars, or marijuana while at the hookah café * Are employees of the business * Had previously entered the café on the same day/night as data collection * Has not been approached to participate in the study previously * Does not have capacity to participate as determined by the staff member conducting eligibility screening
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, United States