Sound waves aimed at the brain may sharpen memory in early decline

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Older Adults * Age 50-85 * English as a first/primary language * Capacity to consent * No Diagnosis of mNCD or dementia Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Older Adults * Current substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia spectrum or other psychotic diagnosis * Daily/weekly anticholinergic or sedative use. Stimulants may be used pending investigator review. Cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, and antidepressants are allowed if on a stable regimen for 4 weeks prior to enrollment * History of significant or unstable conditions that may impact cognition, such as significant cardiac, cerebrovascular, or metabolic disease, developmental disorder, or other neurologic disease (e.g., moderate to severe TBI, seizures) * MRI or tFUS contraindications (e.g., metal implants, claustrophobia, conditions or treatments that lower seizure threshold, taking medications that have short half-lives) * Enrolled in a clinical trial or has received an investigational medication or device in the last 30 days Inclusion Criteria for mNCD * Age 50-85 * English as a first/primary language * Diagnosed with mNCD by a healthcare provider within the past 2 years per NIA-AA or DSM-5 criteria * Has ≥ 2 impaired scores within one cognitive domain OR ≥ 1 impaired score in ≥ 3 domains, where impaired score is defined as ≤ 16th percentile using demographically-corrected norms * Must have a co-participant (e.g., spouse, adult child, relative, sibling, cohabitor, friend, or caregiver) with at least weekly in-person contact with the participant Exclusion Criteria for mNCD * Prior diagnosis of dementia or major neurocognitive disorder per NIA-AA or DSM-5 criteria, and telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS) score ≤ 22 * Current substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia spectrum or other psychotic diagnosis * Daily/weekly anticholinergic or sedative use. Stimulants may be used pending investigator review. Cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, and antidepressants are allowed if on a stable regimen for 4 weeks prior to enrollment * History of significant or unstable conditions that may impact cognition, such as significant cardiac, cerebrovascular, or metabolic disease, developmental disorder, or other neurologic disease (e.g., moderate to severe TBI, seizures) * MRI or tFUS contraindications (e.g., metal implants, claustrophobia, conditions or treatments than lower seizure threshold, taking medications that have short half-lives) * Enrolled in a clinical trial or has received an investigational medication or device in the last 30 days