Tiny implants take aim at prostate cancer: a smarter shot?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Men of more than 18 years old 2. Patient with localized prostate cancer with a good prognosis (AMICO classification), ie satisfying the following conditions according to the urologist medical record transmitted: * Lesion classified T1c or T2a based on digital rectal exam * histologically proven diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score ≤ 6 * Serum Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) \<10ng/ml 3. Patient for whom the Multidisciplinary Consultative Meeting (RCP) has adopted the following treatment options: active surveillance, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy or external radiation 4. Patient with good micturating function at inclusion, defined by IPSS score \<10 (IPSS Questionnaire) 5. Patient for whom the result of centralized PSA assay confirms a serum level \< 10ng/ml 6. Patient for whom the unique and intracapsular character of the target area (area to be treated) was confirmed on pre implantation multimodal MRI imaging (ESUR Score ≥ 9) and whose major axis has a size ≤ 20 mm 7. Patient with a Gleason score on the target ≤ 6 (3 +3) confirmed on biopsies performed using KOELIS ® system and with no other derogatory criteria such as the invasion of the entire core or the presence of a grade 4 or perineural emboli 8. Patients without history of transurethral resection that could have significantly modified the anatomy of the gland nor obstructive adenoma 9. Patient who accepts, at the end of the study, the principle of active surveillance for the rest of the gland and the treated area according to the current standard protocol 10. WHO ≤ 2 11. Patient with life expectancy \> 10 years 12. Informed consent obtained and signed before any specific procedure in the study 13. Patient affiliated to social security regimen Exclusion Criteria: 1. Image in favour of the crossing of the capsule, based on pre-implantation multimodal MRI (stage T2 MRI only) 2. Image in favor of the invasion of the seminal vesicle, based on pre-implantation multimodal MRI (stage T2 MRI only) 3. Multifocal lesions (ESUR ≥ 9/15) to the pre-implantation multimodal MRI and for which biopsies have shown the cancerous nature 4. Lesion with larger diameter ≥ 20mm, to the pre-implantation multimodal MRI 5. Patient who requires pre-implantation hormonal treatment in order to reduce prostatic volume 6. Patient with current indication against prostate brachytherapy, including a significant limitation of the mobility of the hips, a prostate volume greater than 60 cm3 (measured by planimetry MRI) or a significant dysuria (IPSS ≥ 10) 7. Patient unable to follow procedures, visits, examinations described in the the study 8. Patient with absolute indication against imaging tests (significant claustrophobia, wearing a heart valve, pacemaker, ..) 9. Man of childbearing age who do not want follow the instructions about sexual activities and condom use during the days following the treatment of brachytherapy and / or unwilling to hold (him or her partner) effective contraception for the duration of the study 10. Any concomitant or previous malignant disease in the past five years with the exception of superficial basal cell carcinoma or non-metastatic of the skin 11. Any prior systemic chemotherapy within 5 years prior to inclusion for malignant disease in the medical history 12. Any coexisting medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator could be a risk in this study 13. Patient protected by law