Zapping nerves to tame a fluttering heart: new hope for AFib?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 to 75 years of age * Symptomatic Paroxysmal AF. * Symptomatic paroxysmal AF is defined by AF with patient-reported perception of one or more of the following symptoms: palpitations, dizziness/presyncope, syncope, dyspnea, chest pain, malaise, and fatigue and activity intolerance. * There is at least one ECG-documented AF episode. * Unresponsive to conventional therapy is defined by not responding to at least 1 antiarrhythmic drug (class I, class III, or atrioventricular nodal blocker). * The left atrial size \<50 mm by transthoracic echocardiography documented by eligibility visit echocardiogram * Documented atrial fibrillation as defined as atrial fibrillation \>30 seconds in duration with an atrial fibrillation burden determined by a minimum of 7 days of continuous ePatch monitoring within 6 months before surgery. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients without AF episodes during monitoring period will be excluded from the study and count as screen failure * Left ventricular ejection fraction \<40% * Heart failure with functional classes III or IV * Recurrent vasovagal syncope * Valvular AF (severe mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis) * Congenital heart diseases * Wolff Parkinson-White Syndrome * Stroke within the past 6 months * Any history of myocardial infarction * Malignancies with a life expectancy of \< 1 year * A history of ablation procedures to treat left atrial tachyarrhythmias or other serious comorbidity * Any history of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) defined by (1) \> 30 s in duration or (2) \< 30 s in duration, but is associated with hemodynamic consequences such as hypotension and syncope. * Patients with a vagal nerve stimulator * Active thyrotoxicosis * Sick sinus syndrome with symptomatic bradycardia * Heart rate \< 50 beats per minute in sinus rhythm on 12-lead ECG * Systolic blood pressure \< 90 mm Hg * Any experimental medication concomitantly or within 4 weeks of participation in the study * Subjects with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) * Pre-existing neuromodulation devices, such as vagal nerve stimulators, spinal cord stimulators and sacral nerve stimulators * People with a history of allergy to ECG electrodes, adhesive tape, or nylon * Pregnant women