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Scientists map immune memory in COVID-19 survivors to aid future vaccines

NCT ID NCT04403880

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: HIV Vaccine Trials Network Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 26, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This completed study enrolled 760 adults who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and recovered. Researchers collected blood and nasal samples to measure antibodies and immune cells. The goal was to understand how the body's immune system responds to natural infection, which could help improve COVID-19 tests and guide vaccine development.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

What this could lead to
If successful, this research could help scientists create better COVID-19 tests and improve future vaccines by understanding how the body fights the virus naturally.
What could go wrong
This is an observational study, not a treatment trial. It provides knowledge but does not directly test a new drug or vaccine, so it won't immediately change patient care.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

760 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

May 2020

Finished

Apr 2022

Lead sponsor

A research network

The lead sponsor is a research network or cooperative group.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

Persons reporting a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and resolution of COVID-19 within 1-8 weeks of enrollment OR, if asymptomatic infection, reporting positive SARS-CoV-2 test within 2-10 weeks of enrollment.

Ages

18 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 or older. * Reports having had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2. * Reports resolution of COVID-19 within 1-8 weeks of enrollment OR, if asymptomatic infection, reports positive SARS-CoV-2 test within 2-10 weeks of enrollment. Not excluded: individuals with symptoms consistent with residual sequelae of resolved COVID-19, in the clinical judgement of the investigator. * Access to a participating HVTN or HPTN CRS and willingness to be followed for the planned duration of the study. * Ability and willingness to provide informed consent. * Assessment of understanding: volunteer demonstrates understanding of this study. * Volunteers who were assigned female sex at birth: negative urine or serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) pregnancy test within 4 days of enrollment visit (ie, prior to enrollment blood draw or nasal collections). Persons who are NOT of reproductive potential due to having undergone hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy (verified by medical records) or having reached menopause (no menses for ≥ 1 year ), are not required to undergo pregnancy testing. Exclusion Criteria: * Reports current COVID-19. * Pregnant. * Receipt of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (eg, convalescent plasma or sera, monoclonal antibodies, hyperimmune globulin). Not excluded: antibody therapy without SARS-CoV-2 specificity (eg, IL-6 pathway inhibitors for COVID-19). * SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(s) received in a prior vaccine trial. * Any medical, psychiatric, occupational, or other condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with, or serve as a contraindication to, protocol adherence or a volunteer's ability to give informed consent.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

COVID-19

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

COVID -19 SARS-CoV-2

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Adolescent & Young Adult Research at The CORE Center (AYAR at CORE)

    Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States

  • Alabama Vaccine CRS

    Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States

  • Asociacion Civil Selva Amazonica (ACSA) CRS

    Iquitos, Maynas, 1, Peru

  • Aurum Institute Klerksdorp CRS

    Klerksdorp, South Africa

  • Barranco CRS

    Lima, 15063, Peru

  • Botha's Hill CRS

    Durban, South Africa

  • Bridge HIV CRS

    San Francisco, California, 94143, United States

  • Brigham and Women's Hospital Vaccine CRS (BWH VCRS)

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110, United States

  • Bronx Prevention Research Center CRS

    The Bronx, New York, 10451, United States

  • CAPRISA eThekwini CRS

    Durban, South Africa

  • CITBM - UNIDEC, Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales CRS

    Bellavista, Provincia Constitucional del Callao, 15081, Peru

  • Chapel Hill CRS

    Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States

  • Chatsworth CRS

    Chatsworth, South Africa

  • Columbia P&S CRS

    New York, New York, 10032-3732, United States

  • Emavundleni CRS

    Cape Town, South Africa

  • Fenway Health Clinical Research Site CRS

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02215-4302, United States

  • George Washington University CRS

    Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20037-1894, United States

  • Groote Schuur HIV CRS

    Cape Town, South Africa

  • Harlem Prevention Center CRS

    New York, New York, 10027, United States

  • Isipingo CRS

    Isipingo, South Africa

  • Johns Hopkins University CRS

    Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States

  • Josha Research CRS

    Bloemfontein, South Africa

  • Khayelitsha CRS / (CIDRI UCT)

    Cape Town, South Africa

  • Kliptown Soweto CRS

    Johannesburg, South Africa

  • Malawi CRS

    Lilongwe, Malawi

  • Masiphumelele Clinical Research Site (MASI) CRS

    Cape Town, South Africa

  • Matero Reference Clinic CRS

    Lusaka, Zambia

  • Nelson Mandela Academic Research Unit CRS

    Mthatha, South Africa

  • New Jersey Medical School Clinical Research Center CRS

    Newark, New Jersey, 07103, United States

  • New Orleans Adolescent Trials Unit CRS

    New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States

  • New York Blood Center CRS

    New York, New York, 10065, United States

  • Penn Prevention CRS

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

  • Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic CRS

    Ladysmith, South Africa

  • Rustenburg CRS

    Rustenburg, South Africa

  • San Miguel CRS

    San Miguel, Lima region, 32-15088, Peru

  • Seattle Vaccine and Prevention CRS

    Seattle, Washington, 98109-1024, United States

  • Seke South CRS

    Harare, Zimbabwe

  • Setshaba Research Centre CRS

    Soshanguve, South Africa

  • Soweto HVTN CRS

    Johannesburg, South Africa

  • St Mary's CRS

    Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe

  • Synexus Stanza Clinical Research Centre CRS

    Pretoria, South Africa

  • Tembisa Clinic 4 CRS

    Tembisa, South Africa

  • The Aurum Institute Tembisa Clinical Research Centre CRS

    Tembisa, South Africa

  • The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center CRS

    Decatur, Georgia, 30030, United States

  • The Ponce de Leon Center CRS

    Atlanta, Georgia, 30308-2012, United States

  • Tongaat CRS

    Tongaat, South Africa

  • UCLA CARE Center CRS

    Los Angeles, California, 90035, United States

  • University of Rochester Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection CRS

    Rochester, New York, 14642, United States

  • Vanderbilt Vaccine CRS

    Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2582, United States

  • Verulam CRS

    Verulam, South Africa

  • Via Libra CRS

    Lima, 15001, Peru

  • Vulindlela CRS

    Durban, South Africa

  • Zengeza CRS

    Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.