Collagen boost: a new hope for fragile bones?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female participants aged 60 years and above. * History of a fragility fracture (e.g., hip, wrist, or vertebral fracture) sustained within the past 12 months. * Registered outpatient at Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah (HSAAS). * Malaysian citizen. * Able to communicate in Bahasa Malaysia or English. * Able and willing to provide written informed consent. * Cognitive function score \>4 on the Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). * Currently undergoing a structured rehabilitation programme. * May be receiving antiresorptive osteoporosis therapy or not receiving any osteoporosis pharmacological treatment at the time of recruitment. Exclusion Criteria: * Cognitive impairment, defined as ECAQ score ≤4 * Metabolic bone diseases other than osteoporosis (e.g., Paget's disease, osteomalacia). * Severe endocrine or metabolic disorders affecting bone metabolism (e.g., primary hyperparathyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, acromegaly). * Terminal illness or palliative care needs (e.g., advanced cancer, end-stage organ failure, late-stage neurodegenerative diseases). * Known allergy to fish, seafood, or collagen supplements, or diagnosis of phenylketonuria. * Kidney disease, including history of kidney stones or chronic kidney disease stage 4-5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate \<44 mL/min/1.73 m²). * Participation in another interventional study that may interfere with the study protocol. * Use of nutritional supplements during the study period. * Prior use of collagen or amino acid-based supplements within the past 6 months. * Non-ambulatory status prior to the fracture. * Unstable medical conditions (e.g., uncontrolled arrhythmias, recent myocardial infarction, unstable angina, uncontrolled hypertension, pulmonary embolism). * Current use of anabolic osteoporosis therapy. * Alcohol dependence or active alcoholism.