Shiver your way to better blood sugar? new study tests cold therapy for diabetes

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria for all subjects: * to be able to provide signed and dated written informed consent prior to any study specific procedures * have suitable veins for cannulation or repeated venepuncture * male, or postmenopausal (at least 1 year post cessation of menses) female * aged 40 - 75 years * have stable dietary habits (no weight loss or gain \>5 kg within the past 3 months) * have no signs of active cardiovascular disease or liver malfunction * have body mass index (BMI) \>= 27 and \<= 38 kg/m2 Additional inclusion criteria for pre-diabetic subjects: Pre-diabetes based on one or a combination of the following criteria: * Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT): plasma glucose values ≥ 7.8 mmol/l and ≤ 11.1 mmol/l 120 minutes after glucose drink consumption during OGTT in screening * ImpairedFastingGlucose(IFG):Fastingplasmaglucose≥6.1mmol/land≤6.9 mmol/l * Insulin Resistance: glucose clearance rate ≤ 360 mL/kg/min, as determined using OGIS120 * HbA1c of 5.7-6.4% Additional inclusion criteria for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: * being diagnosed with T2DM at least 1.5 years before the start of the study * have well-controlled diabetes, i.e. HbA1c levels \< 8.5% * have no signs of active diabetes-related co-morbidities, including active cardiovascular diseases, diabetic foot, polyneuropathy or retinopathy * diet treatment OR on an oral glucose lowering medication: metformin only or in combination with sulfonylurea agents and/or on stable dose of a DPPIV inhibitor treatment for at least the last 3 months Exclusion Criteria: * not meeting the respective inclusion criteria * participation in a clinical study with an investigational product during the last 3 months or as judged by the investigator * uncontrolled hypertension * having Hb \<8 mmol/L (men), Hb \<7 mmol/l (women) * consuming alcohol \>2 servings per day (man) or \>1 servings per day (women) * not wanting to be informed about unexpected medical findings during the screening * being engaged in structured exercise \> 2h per week * smoking * being cold-acclimated, e.g. having taken daily extended cold baths, working in a refrigerated environment, or practicing regular cold-water swimming/showering within 1 month of starting the study Exclusion criteria specific for pre-diabetic subjects: \- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Exclusion criteria specific for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: \- being insulin-dependent and/or using SGLT2 inhibitor medications