New hope for elderly blood cancer patients: experimental transplant prep shows promise

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 50years. * Meet the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for acute myeloid leukemia (AML),MDS, and be diagnosed with relapsed/refractory AML after treatment, fulfilling any of the following definitions: * Relapsed AML: Reappearance of leukemic cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow blasts \>5% (excluding other causes such as bone marrow regeneration after consolidation chemotherapy), or extramedullary infiltration of leukemic cells after achieving complete remission (CR or CRi). * Refractory AML: Newly diagnosed cases that failed to respond after 2 courses of standard therapy; patients who relapsed within 12 months after consolidation therapy following CR; patients who relapsed after 12 months but failed to respond to conventional chemotherapy; patients with 2 or more relapses; persistent extramedullary leukemia. * MDS:Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS)MDS are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by: Dysplastic hematopoiesis (abnormal development of blood cells in the bone marrow); Cytopenias (one or more lineages of blood cells are reduced in number); Increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Key diagnostic criteria (per WHO 2022 classification): Persistent cytopenia(s) for ≥4 months (unless specific genetic abnormalities are present); Morphological dysplasia in ≥10% of cells in one or more lineages; Presence of MDS-defining genetic abnormalities (e.g., SF3B1 mutation, isolated del(5q), TP53 biallelic alteration). * Cardiac, hepatic, and renal function test results within the following limits: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN);Total bilirubin ≤ 3 × ULN;Serum creatinine ≤ 2 × ULN or creatinine clearance ≥ 40 mL/min;Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by echocardiography or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan within the normal range (\>50%). * Have a suitable allogeneic donor. * Expected survival ≥ 1 month. * Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 60%, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 2; * The patient understands the study protocol and voluntarily signs the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients had serious adverse reactions to investigational drugs such as allergies; * Patients with a history of immunodeficiency, or other acquired or congenital diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, and a history of organ transplantation; * Patients with hypertension, ventricular arrhythmia requiring clinical intervention, acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, stroke, or other grade III or higher cardiovascular events within 6 months; * Patients received Class II or higher surgery within 4 weeks prior to enrollment; * Patient has an active and difficult-to-control infection, including but not limited to active fungal, bacterial, or viral infections that require systemic treatment, such as active HIV, hepatitis B or C; * Patient has active central nervous system leukemia infiltration; * Pregnant or lactating patients; * Patient is currently participating in another clinical studies; * Other conditions where the investigator deems the patient unsuitable for inclusion.