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Breast milk secrets revealed: study tracks sugars and microbes

NCT ID NCT01817127

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: University of California, Davis Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing This study
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study looks at how the sugars, fats, and proteins in breast milk change from mother to mother and over time. Researchers want to see how these differences, along with the mother's diet and health, affect the development of the baby's gut bacteria. About 395 pregnant women who plan to breastfeed for at least 6 months are taking part. No treatments or drugs are given—this is purely an observation study.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

395 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Apr 2009

Expected to finish

Sep 2028

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

Healthy pregnant women and women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Ages

18 to 45 years

Sex

Female participants only

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women 18 years and older who plan to breastfeed for at least 6 months * Women who are in good health * Women with or without diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, or type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance Exclusion Criteria: * Women who do not plan to breastfeed for at least 6 months * Women who give birth to pre-term infants * Women who smoke, either currently or 1 year before becoming pregnant * Women who have chronic medical conditions or communicable diseases * Women who take metabolic altering drugs such as corticosteroids or thyroid medication

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

gestational diabetes type 2 diabetes mellitus

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Gestational diabetes mellitus Healthy Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • University of California, Davis

    Davis, California, 95616, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.