Blood test triggers early immunotherapy in bladder cancer trial

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * ≥18 years of age at the time of signing the Informed Consent Form * For male study subjects: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use a condom, and agreement to refrain from donating sperm. * Signed Informed Consent Form * ECOG PS 0, 1 or 2 * Is, according to the Investigator's judgement, able to comply with the trial protocol * Ability to understand the Participant Information Sheet orally and in writing * Preoperative PET/CT of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis with no suspicion of organ metastases or lymph node metastasis\* above the aortic bifuraction * Study Subjects undergoing radical cystectomy due to histologically documented muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (including subtypes) stage cT2-4a in the urinary bladder following NAC\*\* in cisplatin-fit Study Subjects. * Study Subjects who have undergone down-staging chemotherapy because of lymph node metastasis with no organ metastases can be included if complete response regarding lymph nodes are identified on preoperative imaging. * NAC includes Study Subjects who have stopped after one course of chemotherapy because of side effects or local non-metastatic progression Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects undergoing non-radical cystectomy for palliative reasons * Non-radical surgery estimated intraoperative * Other histology of BC than urothelial carcinoma - mixed tumours with urothelial features are allowed * Concomitant invasive cancer within 5 years other than non-melanoma skin cancer and prostate cancer without metastasis * Known contraindication to immunotherapy * A history of autoimmune disease. Study Subjects with vitiligo, type I diabetes mellitus, residual hypothyroidism due to autoimmune condition only requiring hormone replacement, psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll. Subjects with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (\> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration. Inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses \> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease. * Study Subjects who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry: * History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan * Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents (including, but not limited to, interferon and interleukin 2 \[IL-2\]) within 4 weeks or 5 drug elimination half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to initiation of study treatment * HIV positive * History of pneumonitis (History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted. * Hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection * Subjects who have received a live, attenuated vaccine within 28 days prior to enrolment