New balloon catheter zaps heart rhythm problem in early trial

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 18 to 75 years with documented symptomatic PerAF (AF duration: 7 to 365 days), who were either refractory to or intolerant of at least one Class I or III antiarrhythmic drug and willing to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) 2. AF caused by electrolyte disorders, thyroid diseases, or reversible/non-cardiac etiologies 3. Patients undergoing retreatment after ablation for rapid atrial tachyarrhythmias 4. Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation 5. Left atrial anteroposterior diameter \> 55 mm 6. Pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis (\>70%) or prior PV stent implantation 7. History of left atrial ablation or cardiac surgery (including left atrial appendage closure) 8. Implantation of permanent pacemaker, biventricular pacemaker, loop recorder/insertable cardiac monitor (ICM), or any type of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (with or without biventricular pacing function) 9. Contraindications to anticoagulation, or history of coagulation or bleeding abnormalities 10. Severe pulmonary disease: severe pulmonary arterial hypertension or any pulmonary disease with severe dyspnea involving blood gas abnormalities 11. Any of the following cardiac surgeries, implants, or conditions: * Prosthetic heart valve * NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \< 40% * Atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect closure * Atrial myxoma, left atrial appendage device implantation or occlusion 12. History of any of the following within 3 months prior to the procedure: * Myocardial infarction * Unstable angina * Percutaneous coronary intervention * Cardiac surgery (including coronary artery bypass grafting) * Hospitalization for heart failure * Pericarditis 13. History of any of the following within 3 months prior to the procedure: * Cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack (TIA) * Documented thromboembolic events (e.g., confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography \[TEE\]) 14. History of malignant tumor or expected life expectancy \< 12 months 15. Mental disorders or history of mental illness with inability to cooperate independently 16. Lactating, pregnant, or women planning or potentially becoming pregnant 17. Acute or severe systemic infection, or significant abnormalities in liver/renal function 18. Participation in other interventional clinical trials, or ineligibility for enrollment as judged by the investigator