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Protein showdown: animal vs. plant – which is better for your blood sugar?

NCT ID NCT03994367

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: University of Missouri-Columbia Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 24, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 2 times

Summary

This study looks at how different sources of protein (animal vs. plant, and whole foods vs. protein powders) affect blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity in people with metabolic syndrome. Researchers will measure blood sugar levels over 24 hours and use a special test to see how well the body responds to insulin. The goal is to understand which type of protein might be better for metabolic health.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
High-protein diets from animal or plant sources (whole foods or isolates)
What this could lead to
If successful, this could help clarify whether the source of dietary protein matters for blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity, potentially guiding future nutrition advice for metabolic syndrome.
What could go wrong
This is an early-stage observational/mechanistic study, not a treatment trial. Results may not lead to direct health recommendations, and individual responses to diet can vary widely.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

About 100 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Jul 2019

Expected to finish

Apr 2028

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

21 to 70 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * age: ≥21 and ≤70 years; * BMI: \>24.5 and \<32.5 kg/m2; * habitual protein intake \<0.9 g/kg/day (assessed on 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days by using the HealthWatch 360 app); and * weight stable (i.e., ≤3% change) and untrained (≤150 min of structured exercise/week) for at least 2 months before entering the study. Exclusion Criteria: * prediabetes or type 2 diabetes; * evidence of chronic kidney disease by medical history or laboratory tests (glomerular filtration rate \<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or an albumin to creatinine ratio in urine ≥30 mg/g); * vegetarians or vegans; * intolerance or allergies to ingredients in the metabolic meal or intervention diet; * take dietary supplements (e.g., pre- and probiotics, fiber, fish oil) or medications known to affect our study outcomes; * received antibiotic or antifungal treatment (which affect the microbiome and therefore microbial metabolite production) 2 months before entering the study; * consume tobacco products or excessive alcohol (women: \>14 drinks/week; men: \>21 drinks/week); * evidence of significant organ system dysfunction or diseases (e.g., cirrhosis), and * unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome glucose metabolism disease metabolic syndrome X

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Glucose metabolism disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic syndrome, protection against

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The places running it

    1 site. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  3. A doctor treating you

    A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • University of Missouri School of Medicine

    RECRUITING

    Columbia, Missouri, 65212, United States

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