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Brain zaps without zaps: neurofeedback shows promise for borderline personality disorder

NCT ID NCT05398627

Symptom relief Sponsor: Kymberly Young Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study tested whether real-time brain feedback (rtfMRI) could help people with borderline personality disorder increase brain activity in the amygdala while recalling happy memories. Thirty adults with the condition completed the training over several weeks. The goal was to see if this could reduce borderline symptoms and depression.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
real-time fMRI neurofeedback device
What this could lead to
If it works, this could offer a non-drug way to help people with borderline personality disorder feel better by training their brain to respond more strongly to positive memories.
What could go wrong
This was a small, early study with only 30 participants, so results may not apply to everyone. The training requires specialized brain scanning, which is not widely available.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

30 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Sep 2022

Finished

Apr 2026

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 55 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * right-handed adults (ages 18 - 55) with a primary diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder according to diagnostic criteria in the Structured Interview for DSM Personality Disorders * must be able to give written informed consent prior to participation * unmedicated or stable on an SSRI antidepressant regime (at least 3 weeks to ensure symptoms are stable) * English speaking Exclusion Criteria: * have a clinically significant or unstable cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, neurological, gastrointestinal illness or unstable medical disorder * Current moderate or severe DSM-V alcohol or substance use disorder, with the exception of nicotine or caffeine. Clinician will access subjects' alcohol and substance use on a case-by-case to determine whether specific cases of mild alcohol or substance use would also interfere with the effects of the intervention. * have a history of traumatic brain injury * are unable to complete MRI scan due to claustrophobia or general MRI exclusions (e.g., shrapnel inside body) * are currently pregnant or breast feeding * are unable to complete questionnaires written in English * current (within 3 weeks of testing) use of any antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, or other medications (except SSRI antidepressants) likely to influence cerebral blood flow. Effective medications will not be discontinued for the purposes of the study. Inclusion of patients on stable antidepressant medications was decided in order to allow generalization towards a real world population * have a DSM-5 diagnosis of psychotic or organic mental disorder * have any eye problems or difficulties in corrected vision. * Serious suidicial ideation

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

borderline personality disorder

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Borderline personality disorder

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • University of Pittsburgh

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.