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AI dentists? study puts ChatGPT, gemini, and claude to the test!

NCT ID NCT07281066

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: Marmara University Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study tested whether three AI chatbots (ChatGPT-4o, Gemini, and Claude) could accurately diagnose tooth infections and recommend treatments. Researchers compared the AI's decisions to those of dental specialists using patient histories and X-rays from 120 adults. The goal was to see if AI could support dentists in making better decisions, not replace them.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

120 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Jul 2025

Finished

Oct 2025

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

The study population consisted of adult patients attending or referred to the endodontic clinic of Marmara University. All participants presented with common endodontic conditions such as pulpitis, necrosis, primary or secondary apical periodontitis, or the need for retreatment. After obtaining consent, each patient underwent a structured paper-based medical and dental history assessment and periapical radiographic examination. A total of 120 clinically verified endodontic cases were included.

Ages

18 to 65 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients (≥18 years old) presenting to or referred to the Endodontic Clinic. Patients with a clinically verified endodontic condition requiring diagnosis and treatment planning. Patients who agreed to participate and provided informed consent. Patients for whom a complete paper-based medical/dental history and periapical radiograph were obtained during the clinical visit. Exclusion Criteria: * Exclusion Criteria Patients who declined participation or did not provide informed consent. Pediatric patients (\<18 years old) referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. Patients attending the clinic with non-endodontic complaints (e.g., post-extraction alveolitis, third-molar extraction problems). Cases with incomplete clinical information or missing radiographs. Patients unable to undergo standard endodontic examination procedures.

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As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Endodontic diagnosis, endodontic diseases, endodontic treatment, endodontic decision-making

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University

    Maltepe, Istanbul, 34856, Turkey (Türkiye)