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Brain zap test may tailor ADHD meds for kids

NCT ID NCT04421248

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: Donald Gilbert, MD, MS, FAAN, FAAP Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study aims to see if two brain measurements taken with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can help guide ADHD treatment in children aged 8 to 12. Researchers will test these measurements for reliability, how they change with a single dose of methylphenidate (Ritalin), and how they relate to thinking and emotion. The goal is to develop a tool that could lead to more personalized and effective ADHD care.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
What this could lead to
If successful, this could lead to a brain-based test to help doctors choose the best ADHD treatment for each child, improving outcomes.
What could go wrong
This is an early-phase biomarker study, not a treatment trial. The TMS measures may not reliably predict treatment response, and results may not apply to all children with ADHD.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 4

Runs after approval, following long-term safety and how well the treatment works in everyday use.

Participants

About 214 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Sep 2020

Expected to finish

Jul 2026

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

8 to 12 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Either gender, any race, ethnicity or socioeconomic status * Currently between 8 years 0 months and 12 years, 11 months, 30 days * Willing to answer questions about ADHD and related diagnoses * For children with ADHD prescribed stimulant medications, willing to suspend taking medications as specified in the study procedures * For children with ADHD, willing to participate in the single dose, randomized crossover study to probe acute effects of methylphenidate on biomarkers * Right hand dominant (predominately right-handed) * Able to participate in and sign an informed consent * ADHD inclusion: The diagnosis of ADHD will be based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version 5 (DSM-5) criteria using standard rating scales and a structured diagnostic interview. Oppositional Defiant Disorder is permitted; Conduct disorder is excluded. * Typically Developing (healthy control) inclusion: Free of ADHD or other developmental or psychiatric disorders based on DSM-5 criteria using standard rating scales and a structured diagnostic interview. Exclusion Criteria: * Known diagnosis of mental retardation, cerebral palsy, Autism Spectrum Disorder, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, epilepsy, or other serious neurological disorder. * Major Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Adjustment Disorder, other Anxiety Disorders, or other developmental psychiatric diagnoses. * For females, onset of menses, pregnancy. * Current use of antidepressants, non-stimulant ADHD medications, dopamine blocking agents, mood stabilizers. * Implanted brain stimulator, vagal nerve stimulator, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, cardiac pacemaker, or implanted medication port. * Diagnosis of a speech/language disorder or a Reading Disability (RD).

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The places running it

    2 sites. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  3. A doctor treating you

    A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

    RECRUITING

    Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States

  • Kennedy Krieger Institute

    RECRUITING

    Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States

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Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.