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Which ablation strategy works best for persistent AF? major study seeks answers.

NCT ID NCT04428944

Disease control Sponsor: McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing This study
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study compares three catheter ablation techniques for people with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), a heart rhythm disorder. About 617 adults having their first ablation will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: isolating the pulmonary veins alone, adding ablation of extra drivers, or isolating the back wall of the left atrium. The goal is to see which strategy best prevents AF from returning within 18 months.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

617 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Jun 2021

Expected to finish

Dec 2027

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients 18 years of age or older 2. Patients undergoing first-time ablation procedure for AF 3. Patients with persistent AF defined as a sustained episode more than 3 months but less than three years 4. Patients with symptomatic AF - symptomatic patients are those who have been aware of their AF at any time within the last 5 years prior to enrolment. Symptoms may include, but are not restricted to, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, left ventricular dysfunction, or other symptoms or any combination of the above 5. Patients whose AF has been refractory to at least one antiarrhythmic drug 6. At least one episode of AF must have been documented by ECG, holter, loop recorder, telemetry, trans-telephonic monitor or implanted device within the last 2 years from enrolment 7. Patients must be able and willing to provide written informed consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with paroxysmal AF (no episodes lasting \> 7 days) 2. Patients with early persistent AF, sustained episode ≤ 3 months 3. Patients with very long lasting persistent AF (episodes lasting \> 3 years) 4. Patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0. 5. Patients for whom cardioversion or sinus rhythm will never be attempted/pursued 6. Patients with AF felt to be secondary to an obvious reversible cause 7. Patients with contraindication to oral anticoagulation or systemic anticoagulation with heparin 8. Patients with left atrial diameter \> 60 mm in the parasternal long axis view 9. Patients who are pregnant

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

atrial fibrillation persistent atrial fibrillation

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Atrial fibrillation

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • AZ Sint-Jan

    Ruddershove, Belgium

  • Alfred Health

    Melbourne, Australia

  • Antwerp University Hospital (UZA)

    Edegem, Belgium

  • Brigham & Women'S Hosptial Inc.

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States

  • Canberra Heart Rhythm Foundation

    Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  • Clinique du Tonkin

    Villeurbanne, France

  • Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital

    Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan

  • Hamilton General Hospital

    Hamilton, Ontario, L8L 2X2, Canada

  • Hospital Clinic Barcelona

    Barcelona, Spain

  • Hospital St-Joseph

    Marseille, France

  • Hôpital Fleurimont, CHUS

    Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5H3, Canada

  • Institut Mutualiste Montsouris

    Paris, 75014, France

  • Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ)

    Québec, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada

  • Jikei University School of Med

    Tokyo, Japan

  • Juntendo University Hospital

    Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan

  • Laurent Macle

    Montreal, QC - Québec, H1T 1c8, Canada

  • MUHC, McGill University Health Centre

    Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada

  • Medical University of Graz

    Graz, Austria

  • Minamino Cardiovascular Hospital

    Tokyo, Japan

  • National University Corporation Kobe University

    Chūōku, Japan

  • Nihon University School of Medicine

    Tokyo, Japan

  • OLV Hospital Aalst

    Aalst, Belgium

  • Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH

    Linz, Austria

  • Ospedale Generale Regionale F. Miulli

    Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy

  • Royal Adelaide Hospital and Cardiovascular Centre

    Adelaide, Australia

  • Royal Jubilee Hospital

    Victoria, British Colombia, V8R 1J8, Canada

  • Royal Melbourne Hospital

    Parkville, Australia

  • Southlake Regional Health Center

    Newmarket, Ontario, L3Y 2P9, Canada

  • St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC

    Vancouver, British Colombia, V6Z 1Y6, Canada

  • University of Calgary Foothills

    Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada

  • University of Ottawa Heart Institute

    Ottawa, Quebec, K1Y 4W7, Canada

  • Vancouver General Hospital

    Vancouver, British Colombia, V5Z 1M9, Canada

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