Robot scalpel takes on man boobs: new study tests precision surgery

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male patients, aged 18-75 years old; 2. Preoperative breast ultrasound indicates male breast development, and breast enlargement symptoms persist for more than 1 year; 3. Primary male breast development that has been unresponsive to drug treatment, or those who refuse drug treatment; 4. According to Gynecomastia's surgical indications, refer to the "2023 Expert consensus on the clinicaldiagnosis and treatment of gynecomastia in China" Simon grading of male breast development IIb or above; 5. Due to social pressure or severe psychological burden caused by symptoms such as breast pain, those who have a strong desire for surgery may experience psychological burden caused by the disease and actively request surgery; 6. Individuals without serious accompanying diseases; 7. Suspected malignant transformation; 8. No other serious underlying diseases in the past; 9. The surgical procedure includes a single hole robot (intraperitoneal endoscopic single hole surgical system SP1000) for subcutaneous gland resection of the breast; 10. Participants are able to understand the research process, voluntarily join the study, sign informed consent forms, have good compliance, and cooperate with follow-up; 11. No swallowing difficulties; No shoulder joint movement disorders; 12. Complete clinical data. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Age\<16 years old, still in puberty, or disease duration ≤ 1 year; 2. Simple obesity, no obvious glandular tissue was found on breast ultrasound examination; 3. Male patients with breast developmental disorders secondary to other diseases; 4. Patients with contraindications for general anesthesia surgery such as coagulation dysfunction and severe cardiovascular disease, who cannot tolerate surgery; 5. The clinical data is basically incomplete; 6. Other surgical methods; 7. Individuals with a history of breast surgery or breast tumors in the past; 8. The serious diseases of non malignant tumors such as congenital testicular hypoplasia syndrome, cirrhosis, primary hypogonadism, and hyperthyroidism will affect the patient's compliance or put the patient in a dangerous state; 9. Dementia, intellectual disability, or any mental illness that hinders understanding of informed consent forms; 10. Lack of trust in surgical outcomes and weak desire for surgery.