Could tiny metal shavings from dental implants fuel gum disease?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: To be considered eligible for participation in this study, patients must fulfil all the following criteria: 1. Written informed consent duly completed and signed for participation in the study and the use of biological samples. 2. Male or female patients aged 18 years or older. 3. Patients treated at the Master's Degree in Oral Surgery and Implantology or the Master's Degree in Periodontology and Peri-Implantology at the University of Barcelona. 4. Patients in full possession of their mental faculties and capable of understanding and providing written informed consent prior to enrolment in the study. 5. Willingness to comply with all study procedures required by the protocol. In addition, participants must meet the criteria for one of the following study groups: * Peri-implantitis Group: 1. Diagnosis of peri-implantitis according to the diagnostic criteria established at the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri- Implant Diseases and Conditions. 2. Candidate for surgical or non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment involving the collection of peri-implant granulation tissue and/or biofilm samples. * Control Group: 1. Candidate for implant therapy, with the placement of at least one dental implant included in the treatment plan. 2. Candidate for implant placement using a static computer-guided surgical approach. 3. Availability of soft tissue from the implant recipient site for sample collection (≥ 3 mm). Exclusion Criteria: To be considered eligible for participation in this study, patients must not fulfil any of the following criteria: 1. Patients who, in the investigator's judgement, are not suitable candidates for participation in the study based on their medical history, physical examination findings, concomitant medications, or concurrent systemic conditions: 1. Presence of uncontrolled periodontal disease, defined as probing depths ≥5 mm with concomitant bleeding on probing or probing depths ≥6 mm. 2. Immunocompromised patients. 3. History of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. 4. Presence of uncontrolled systemic diseases. 5. Presence of systemic conditions known to affect bone metabolism. 6. Current treatment with medications known to alter bone metabolism. 7. History of oral cancer. 8. Use of systemic antibiotics within the previous 6 months. 2. Current smokers consuming ≥20 cigarettes per day. 3. History of drug or alcohol abuse. For the purposes of this study, alcohol abuse is defined as the habitual consumption of more than four units of alcohol per day (one unit being approximately equivalent to 125 mL of wine, 200 mL of beer, or 25 mL of spirits). 4. Participation in any other clinical study within the 4 weeks preceding enrolment. 5. Surgical or non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment at the selected implant site within the 12 months preceding enrolment. 6. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.