Breath-Holding vs. exhaling: which pushing style is safer for delivery?

This study looked at two ways of pushing during the final stage of labor: holding your breath while pushing (Valsalva) versus pushing while exhaling (open-glottis). Researchers wanted to see which method leads to fewer injuries and better outcomes for both mother and baby. A total of 256 women who had attended childbirth classes took part, and the results help guide safer delivery practices.