Engineered immune cells take aim at Hard-to-Treat blood cancer

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-75 years, any gender. 2. Diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) per International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) diagnostic criteria. 3. Prior therapy requirements: MM patients: ≥3 prior lines of therapy, including: * 1 proteasome inhibitor (PI) * 1 immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) * 1 anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody Exception: No minimum line requirement for subjects refractory to PIs, IMiDs, and anti-CD38 therapy. Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL): ≥1 prior line including ≥1 PI and ≥1 IMiD. 4. Documented disease progression during/within 12 months after last anti-myeloma therapy (exemption: No 12-month requirement if last line was CAR-T). 5. Measurable disease at screening (≥1 of the following): Serum M-protein: IgG ≥10 g/L IgA/IgD/IgE/IgM ≥5 g/L Urine M-protein ≥200 mg/24h Serum free light chains (FLC): Involved FLC ≥100 mg/L with abnormal κ/λ ratio Bone marrow plasma cells ≥30% (if no measurable M-protein/FLC). 6. ECOG performance status 0-1. 7. Life expectancy ≥12 weeks. 8. Adequate organ function (all lab values within 7 days prior to enrollment): Hematology: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1×10⁹/L (allowed: growth factor support, but none within 7 days) Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) ≥0.3×10⁹/L Platelets ≥50×10⁹/L (no transfusion within 7 days) Hemoglobin ≥60 g/L (no RBC transfusion within 7 days; erythropoietin allowed) Liver: ALT/AST ≤2.5×ULN Total bilirubin ≤1.5×ULN Renal: Calculated CrCl ≥40 mL/min (Cockcroft-Gault) Coagulation: Fibrinogen ≥1.0 g/L aPTT/PT ≤1.5×ULN Pulmonary: SpO₂ \>91% (room air) Cardiac: LVEF ≥50% (echocardiography). 9. Contraception: Subjects/partners must use effective contraception from consent through 1 year post CAR-T infusion (excluded: calendar method). 10. Signed informed consent approved by the Ethics Committee prior to screening. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Active graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or requiring long-term immunosuppressive therapy. 2. Prior hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): Autologous HSCT (Auto-HSCT) within 12 weeks before apheresis, ≥2 prior Auto-HSCTs, Any prior allogeneic HSCT (Allo-HSCT). 3. Prior cell therapy targeting plasma cells within 3 months before apheresis, or detectable residual cellular therapy products in peripheral blood. 4. Recent anti-myeloma therapies (relative to apheresis): Monoclonal antibody treatment within 21 days, Cytotoxic chemotherapy or proteasome inhibitors within 14 days, Immunomodulatory drugs within 7 days, Other anti-tumor therapies within 14 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is shorter). 5. Chronic corticosteroid use (\>20 mg/day prednisone or equivalent), except for physiologic replacement, topical, or inhaled use. 6. Uncontrolled hypertension despite medication. 7. Severe cardiac disease, including: Unstable angina, Myocardial infarction (within 6 months before screening), Congestive heart failure (NYHA Class ≥III), Severe arrhythmias. 8. Unstable systemic illnesses per investigator's judgment (e.g., severe hepatic, renal, or metabolic disorders requiring medication). 9. Other malignancies within 5 years, excluding: Carcinoma in situ of the cervix, Basal/squamous cell skin cancer, Localized prostate cancer post-radical resection, Ductal breast carcinoma in situ post-resection. 10. History of solid organ transplantation. 11. Suspected or confirmed CNS involvement by plasma cell neoplasms. 12. Major surgery within 2 weeks before apheresis or planned within 2 weeks post-treatment (allowed: minor procedures under local anesthesia). 13. Investigational drugs within 1 month before apheresis. 14. Uncontrolled active infections: Persistent symptoms despite appropriate therapy, Requiring IV antimicrobials at screening. 15. Viral infections: HBV: HBsAg(+) or HBcAb(+) with detectable HBV DNA, HCV: HCV Ab(+) with detectable HCV RNA, HIV Ab(+), CMV DNA(+), Syphilis: TRUST(+) and TPPA(+). 16. Pregnancy or lactation. 17. Psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, or active CNS diseases. 18. Other conditions deemed ineligible by the investigator.