Zehra Hasgül

This study looks at whether smoking and advanced gum disease (Stage III periodontitis) are linked to changes in three saliva markers: TNF-α, FoxO-1, and SIRT-1, which are involved in inflammation and stress responses. Researchers will compare saliva samples from 80 adults divided…

This study looked at whether smoking and severe gum disease (Stage III periodontitis) increase damage to DNA and RNA in cells. Researchers measured two markers of oxidative stress in saliva from 88 adults, including smokers and non-smokers with and without gum disease. They found…