Brain study aims to crack social skill mysteries in rare disorders

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Participants for Williams Syndrome Study Inclusion criteria must all be met: 1. Age 3-12 years old. 2. Clinically diagnosed and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test, with a typical microdeletion of approximately 1.55 Mb in the chromosome 7q11.23 region. 3. Their legal guardians fully understand the study content and voluntarily sign the informed consent form, agreeing for the study participants to undergo blood sampling and genetic testing. Participants for Autism Spectrum Disorder Study Inclusion criteria must all be met: 1. Age 3-12 years old. 2. Clinically diagnosed according to the second edition of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) criteria. 3. Their legal guardians fully understand the study content and voluntarily sign the informed consent form, agreeing for the study participants to undergo blood sampling and genetic testing. Participants for Healthy Children Study Inclusion criteria must all be met: 1. Age 3-12 years old, with gender as close as possible to the participants in the above two groups. 2. No history of neurodevelopmental disorders, mental illnesses or major neurological diseases. 3. Their legal guardians fully understand the study content and voluntarily sign the informed consent form, agreeing for the study participants to undergo blood sampling and genetic testing. Common Exclusion Criteria for All Study Participants Any of the following conditions must be met to be excluded from the study: 1. Specific medical conditions: 2. For the Williams Syndrome group: Known or suspected presence of other pathogenic gene mutations/syndromes other than the 7q11.23 microdeletion. 3. For the Autism Spectrum Disorder group: Co-occurring other clearly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders (such as Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome, etc.). 4. Brain structural abnormalities: According to recent cranial MRI and interpretation by neuro-radiology experts, significant brain structural lesions are found (for the patient group, referring to lesions unrelated to Williams Syndrome or autism; for the healthy group, referring to any clinically significant abnormalities). 5. Major systemic diseases: Presence of diseases with clinical significance as judged by the researchers, which may: affect the interpretation of study results, or endanger the safety of the study participants.