New hope for kidney cancer: drug combo targets tumors after immunotherapy fails

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Pathologically confirmed renal clear cell carcinoma (histological or cytological); 2. Subjects who have failed prior treatment with a single anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent or a combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-VEGFR TKI; 3. Age 18 to 80 years; 4. Estimated survival exceeding 12 weeks; 5. KPS score ≥70; 6. At least one measurable lesion per RECIST 1.1 criteria, which has not received prior radiation therapy; 7. Adequate organ function levels; 8. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to randomization; all enrolled subjects (male or female) must use effective barrier contraception throughout treatment and for 4 weeks post-treatment; 9. Subjects must be capable of understanding and voluntarily signing the informed consent form, which must be signed prior to any trial procedures. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who have received one or more prior systemic anticancer treatment regimens for clear cell renal cell carcinoma; 2. Patients who have not previously received immunosuppressive therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma; 3. Subjects currently undergoing anticancer therapy (excluding local radiotherapy for bone metastases); 4. Subjects with known hypersensitivity to similar drugs; 5. Subjects with active infectious diseases; 6. Any uncontrolled clinical condition; 7. Undergone major surgery within 4 weeks prior to enrollment; 8. History of significant psychiatric disorders that may impair understanding of informed consent or compliance with the study protocol; 9. Any condition affecting the subject's ability to swallow medication; 10. Pregnant or lactating women; 11. Subjects with severe pulmonary disease, asthma, or COPD history, with pulmonary function tests indicating moderate or greater impairment; 12. Any other factors deemed by the investigator to make the subject unsuitable for participation in the study.