Dental implant showdown: which method saves more bone?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion criteria: 1. Male or female ≥18 years old. 2. One or more adjacent missing teeth in the posterior maxilla or mandible (positions 4-7). A natural tooth had to be present at the mesial end; however, free-end situations were allowed. 3. Adequate bone quality )D1-3) and availability for Lance Conical implant (MIS Implants, Israel) placement of diameters 3.75 mm or 4.2 mm, length 10-13 mm, 4. Patients are willing to participate and attend the planned follow-up visits. Systemic exclusion criteria: 1. Medical conditions requiring prolonged use of steroids and/or medications that can interfere with bone metabolism. 2. History of leukocyte dysfunction and deficiencies. 3. History of neoplastic disease requiring the use of radiation or chemotherapy. 4. History of renal failure. 5. Metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis. 6. History of uncontrolled endocrine disorders. 7. Physical handicaps that would interfere with the ability to perform adequate oral hygiene. 8. Use any investigational drug or device within 30 days immediately before implant surgery. 9. Alcoholism or any drug abuse. 10. History of immunodeficiency syndromes. 11. Smokers of 10 cigarettes per day, cigar equivalents, or tobacco chewers. 12. In the investigator's opinion, conditions or circumstances would prevent completion of study participation or interfere with the analysis of the study results, such as history of non-compliance or unreliability. Local exclusion criteria 1. Any bone augmentation performed on the implant site with a healing period of less than 3 months. 2. Local inflammation (including untreated periodontitis). 3. Mucosa disease such as erosive lichen planus 4. History of local irradiation therapy. 5. Presence of osseous lesions 6. History of implant failure 7. Postextraction sites with less than 6 weeks of healing 8. Sever bruxism or cjenching habits 9. Persistent intraoral infection. 10. Bone type 4. Exclusion criteria at surgery 1. Lack of primary stability less than 35 Ncm. 2. Need for augmentation procedures during implant surgery. 3. Inability to place the implant according to the prosthetic requirements.