New combo therapy targets rare, aggressive kidney tumors

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Male/female participants who are at least 18 years of age on the day of signing informed consent with histologically confirmed diagnosis of metastatic or advanced Collecting Duct Carcinoma or Medullary Renal Cell Carcinoma will be enrolled in this study. * The participant (or legally acceptable representative if applicable) provides written informed consent for the trial. * Have measurable disease based on RECIST 1.1. Lesions situated in a previously irradiated area are considered measurable if progression has been demonstrated in such lesions. * Have confirmed histology diagnosis of Collecting Duct Carcinoma or Medullary Renal Cell Carcinoma by central pathology review. * Archival tumor tissue sample or newly obtained \[core, incisional or excisional\] biopsy of a tumor lesion not previously irradiated has been provided. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks are preferred to slides. Newly obtained biopsies are preferred to archived tissue. * Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1. Evaluation of ECOG is to be performed within 7 days prior to the first dose of study intervention. * Have adequate organ function as defined in the following table (Table 4). Specimens must be collected within 10 days prior to the start of study intervention. * Participants who are HBsAg positive are eligible if they have received HBV anti-viral therapy for at least 4 weeks, and have undetectable HBV viral load prior to randomization. Note: Participants should remain on anti-viral therapy throughout study intervention and follow local guidelines for HBV anti-viral therapy post completion of study intervention. Hepatitis B screening tests are not required unless: 1. Known history of HBV infection 2. As mandated by local health authority * Participants with a history of HCV infection are eligible if HCV viral load is undetectable at screening. Note: Participants must have completed curative anti-viral therapy at least 4 weeks prior to randomization. Hepatitis C screening tests are not required unless: a) Known history of HCV infection b) As mandated by local health authority * HIV-infected participants must have well-controlled HIV on ART, defined as: 1. Participants on ART must have a CD4+ T-cell count ≥350 cells/mm3 at the time of screening 2. Participants on ART must have achieved and maintained virologic suppression defined as confirmed HIV RNA level below 50 or the LLOQ (below the limit of detection) using the locally available assay at the time of screening and for at least 12 weeks before screening 3. It is advised that participants must not have had any AIDS-defining opportunistic infections within the past 12 months. 4. Participants on ART must have been on a stable regimen, without changes in drugs or dose modification, for at least 4 weeks before study entry (Day 1) and agree to continue ART throughout the study 5. The combination ART regimen must not contain any antiretroviral medications that interact with CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers/substrates (https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-interactions-labeling/drug-development-and-drug-interactions-table-substrates-inhibitors-and-inducers) Exclusion Criteria: * Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti PD L2 agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor (eg, CTLA-4, OX 40, CD137). * Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy, including investigational agents, within 2 weeks prior to treatment allocation. * Has received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study intervention or radiation-related toxicities requiring corticosteroids. Note: Two weeks or fewer of palliative radiotherapy for non-CNS diseases permitted. The last radiotherapy treatment must have been performed at least 7 days before the first dose of study intervention. * Has received a live vaccine or live-attenuated vaccine within 30 days before the first dose of study intervention. Administration of killed vaccines is allowed. * Has received an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to study intervention administration. * Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. * Known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 2 years. Note: Participants with basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or carcinoma in situ, excluding carcinoma in situ of the bladder, that have undergone potentially curative therapy are not excluded. Participants with low-risk early-stage prostate cancer (T1-T2a, Gleason score ≤6, and PSA \<10 ng/mL) either treated with definitive intent or untreated in active surveillance with stable disease are not excluded. * Has known active CNS metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Participants with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are radiologically stable, i.e. without evidence of progression for at least 4 weeks by repeat imaging (note that the repeat imaging should be performed during study screening), clinically stable and without requirement of steroid treatment for at least 14 days prior to first dose of study intervention. * Has severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients. * Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years except replacement therapy (eg., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid) * Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or has current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease. * Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy. * Has not adequately recovered from major surgery or has ongoing surgical complications. * Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality or other circumstance that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the participant's participation for the full duration of the study, such that it is not in the best interest of the participant to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator. * Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial. * Is pregnant or breastfeeding or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment. * Has had an allogenic tissue/solid organ transplant.