Personalized medicine for kids with tough cancers: genetic profiling may point to better treatments

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion criteria: * Written informed consent signed by the patient, or parents or legal representative and assent of the minor child to perform biopsy/surgical resection/aspiral/sample and molecular analysis of the tumor and blood sample * Patient with confirmed solid tumor or leukemia which is recurrent or refractory to standard treatment and who is eligible for an early phase clinical trial * In case of solid tumor, lesion must be accessible for biopsy or surgical resection or cytological puncture * Age: Patients aged ≥ 6 months at time of inclusion and aged ≤ 18 years at the time of initial diagnosis * Performance status and life expectancy that allows treatment in an experimental trial: Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70% for patients \> 12 years of age, Lansky play scale ≥ 70% for patients ≤ 12 years of age * Adequate organ function: Adequate hematopoietic function for patients with solid tumor (Leukemia patients are excluded from hematological criteria) : Neutrophils \>1.0 x 109/l, Platelets \>100 x 109/l, Heamoglobin \>80 g/l (transfusion allowed) In case of bone marrow involvment: Neutrophils \>/= 0.75 x 109/l (unsupported) , Platelet count \>/= 0.75 x 109/l (unsupported) Adequate hepatic function: ALAT/ASAT \<2.5 x ULN, Bilirubin ≤1.5 x ULN (in case of tumor involvement of the liver ALAT/ASAT \<5 x ULN) Adequate renal function: Serum creatinemia \<1.5 x ULN for age. In case serum creatinine \>1.5 ULN according to age, creatinine clearance has to be \>70mL/mL/1.73 m2 or glomerular filtration rate measurement \>70% of the expected value \- Patients affiliated to a Social Security Regimen or beneficiary of the same as per local regulatory requirements Exclusion criteria: * Life expectancy ≤ 3 months * Symptomatic CNS metastases * In case of leukemia, are excluded patients with isolated meningitis relapses. * Coagulation disorder that prevents the accomplishment of a biopsy or surgery * Uncontrolled infections not responsive to antibiotics, antiviral medicines, or antifungal medicines * Presence of ≥ CTCAE grade 2 toxicity (except alopecia, ototoxicity, lymphopenia which are not excluded if grade 3 or less) due to prior cancer therapy * Malignant disease other than that being treated in this study. Exceptions to this exclusion include the following: malignancies that were treated curatively and have not recurred within 3 years prior to study entry * Any concurrent illness or laboratory abnormality that in opinion of investigator may interfere with the interpretation of study results, may suppose a risk for the realization of biopsy/surgery, and in the judgment of the investigator would make the patient inappropriate for the study * Evidence of active viral Hepatitis B or C or known diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection