New antibiotic may outperform standard care in preventing surgical infections

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing any elective surgery for which vancomycin is recommended in the guidelines as an alternative to beta-lactams including: neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, orthopedic surgery, vascular surgery, penile and testicular surgery, gastric banding procedure in digestive surgery. This inclusion criteria can lead to the inclusion of patients who undergo a re-intervention provided that the re-intervention is not due to a suspected or proven infection and that the patient was not included in LOVip at the time of his/her first intervention; * Age ≥ 18 years-old; * Known allergy to beta-lactams AND/OR suspected or proven MRSA colonization. Proven MRSA colonization is defined as a positive patient sample (any type of swab or biological fluid) for MRSA within 3 months prior to surgery. MRSA colonization is suspected when the patient undergoing surgery has received antibiotic treatment within 3 months prior to surgery or is undergoing re-intervention more than 5 days after the first surgery. MRSA is defined as a strain of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to oxacillin or cefoxitin, predicting non-susceptibility to all classes of beta-lactam antimicrobials (except anti-MRSA cephalosporins) (6). In contrast, MSSA is defined as an oxacillin sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus; * Informed consent of the patient; * Affiliated to a social security system or equivalent. Exclusion Criteria: * Surgery for suspected or proven SSI (definition of SSI provided on chapter 3.6.1 Primary endpoint as defined by (5, 7)) according to international definitions; * Obesity defined by a body mass index (BMI) \> 35 kg/m2 or a body weight \> 100 kg; * Chronic kidney disease defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \< 60 ml/min per 1.73m2; * Known allergy to linezolid or vancomycin; * Hematologic malignancy; * Declared pregnancy or breastfeeding; * Patient under legal protection regime for adults; * Patient denying consent; * Patient already included in LOVip for a previous surgery.