Can a single injection reprogram immune cells to fight cancer?
NCT ID NCT07774572
First seen Aug 19, 2026 · Last updated Aug 20, 2026 · Updated 1 time
Summary
This early-stage trial is testing an experimental therapy that uses circular RNA to create CAR T cells directly inside the body, potentially eliminating the need to extract and modify cells in a lab. It is designed for adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell cancers, such as certain lymphomas and leukemias, who have not responded to standard treatments. The study will evaluate the therapy's safety, tolerability, and preliminary effectiveness, with a focus on finding the right dose and observing how the body responds.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- In vivo circular RNA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy
- What this could lead to
- If successful, this approach could offer a one-time treatment that reprograms a patient's own immune cells to attack and potentially eliminate B-cell cancers, without the need for complex lab processing.
- What could go wrong
- This is an early-phase, dose-escalation trial with a small number of participants, so safety and effectiveness are not yet established. There are risks of severe side effects, and the therapy may not work for all types of B-cell malignancies.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Phase 1
The first testing in people. Mainly checks safety and dose, usually in a small group.
- Participants
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About 30 people
The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.
- Started
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May 2026
- Expected to finish
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Mar 2029
An estimate. End dates often move.
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
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Not accepted
This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 18 years, any gender. 2. Able to provide written informed consent. 3. Confirmed diagnosis of relapsed/refractory (R/R) CD19-positive B-cell malignancy, including: * Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) * Follicular lymphoma (FL) * Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) * Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) * Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) * Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) 4. ECOG performance status 0 or 1.and have archival tumor biopsy tissue and pathology report from the most recent relapse, or at least one palpable superficial tumor lesion at screening, and agree to biopsy/resection before the first dose of IP for disease confirmation. 5. Disease refractory to or relapsed after ≥ 2 prior lines of standard therapy, including required agents per disease subtype (e.g., anti-CD20, BTK inhibitors, chemotherapy, or ASCT if applicable). 6. Measurable disease per Lugano 2014 or iwCLL 2018 criteria. 7. LVEF ≥ 40% by echocardiogram. 8. For patients with prior CD19-targeted therapy, confirmed CD19 positivity at screening. 9. Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative serum pregnancy test and agree to use effective contraception during the study and for 6 months after last treatment. 10. Male patients with female partners must agree to use condoms, and partners must use effective contraception, during the study and for 6 months after last treatment. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Prior anticancer therapy-related toxicities unresolved to baseline or ≤ Grade 1 (alopecia and peripheral neuropathy excepted). 2. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by lymphoma. 3. Need for urgent treatment due to tumor mass effect or spinal cord compression. 4. Known hypersensitivity to any component of IP, including mRNA/LNP-based products. 5. History of another primary malignancy within the past 3 years, except adequately treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or cervical carcinoma in situ. 6. Active hepatitis B (HBsAg-positive with detectable HBV DNA) or hepatitis C (HCV RNA-positive) infection. 7. Active or prior HIV infection. 8. Uncontrolled active systemic infection requiring IV therapy within 1 week before dosing. 9. Active or history of acute/chronic GVHD. 10. Inadequate hematologic function (ANC \<1.0×10⁹/L, Hb \<70 g/L, PLT \<50×10⁹/L, lymphocytes ≤0.5×10⁹/L) or coagulation abnormalities (INR/APTT ≥1.5×ULN). 11. Hepatic impairment (ALT/AST \>2×ULN, or \>3×ULN with hepatic involvement; bilirubin \>2×ULN, unless Gilbert syndrome). 12. Renal impairment (CrCl \<50 mL/min by Cockcroft-Gault). 13. Uncontrolled ischemic heart disease, NYHA Class III-IV heart failure, or baseline QTcF ≥450 ms (male) / ≥470 ms (female). 14. Severe psychiatric disorder history. 15. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. 16. Received prohibited treatments within 4 weeks before dosing, including high-dose corticosteroids (\>20 mg prednisone equivalent daily), chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, prior CAR-T or other gene/cell therapy, or T-cell engagers. 17. Participation in another clinical study with investigational therapy within 3 months before dosing, or prior participation in cell/gene therapy trials. 18. Planned radiotherapy within 6 weeks after screening (unless only non-irradiated PET-positive lesions remain eligible). 19. Planned allogeneic HSCT within 90 days after screening. 20. Significant comorbidities or unstable medical conditions deemed by the investigator to compromise safety or study compliance.
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
How to take part
Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.
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The places running it
2 sites. The list below names each one and where it is.
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The official record
ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.
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A doctor treating you
A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Ruijin Hospital
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGShanghai, China
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The Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
RECRUITINGShanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
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