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Immediate birth control implant: safe for breastfeeding?

NCT ID NCT03978598

Disease control Sponsor: University of New Mexico Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 25, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This study looked at whether placing the etonogestrel contraceptive implant (Nexplanon) within 24 hours of giving birth affects breastfeeding compared to waiting 4-6 weeks. 150 women who wanted the implant and planned to breastfeed were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The main goal was to see if there was a difference in how many women were still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Etonogestrel implant (Nexplanon)
What this could lead to
If successful, this could help women choose the best timing for contraceptive implant placement without harming breastfeeding.
What could go wrong
This is a small, single-center Phase 4 study. Results may not apply to all populations, and the study relies on self-reported breastfeeding data.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 4

Runs after approval, following long-term safety and how well the treatment works in everyday use.

Participants

150 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Jun 2019

Finished

Sep 2024

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

13 years and older

Sex

Female participants only

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women or women who have delivered vaginally and by cesarean section within 22 hours (2-hour window will allow for implant insertion by 24 hours postpartum) * Aged 13 and older * English or Spanish speakers * Deliver an infant at UNM Hospital at \> 37 weeks gestational age * Intend to breastfeed * Desire the implant as a method for contraception * Agree to randomization * Must have a working phone (study questions to be answered through phone calls or accessed electronically by a link sent through email or text message) Exclusion Criteria: * Under age 13 * History of breast cancer (screen by past medical history) * History of undiagnosed vaginal bleeding (screen by past medical history) * Head trauma that affected pituitary function (screen by past medical history) * Prolactin insufficiency (screen by past medical history) * Previous lactation failure (defined as no lactation within 5 days postpartum) * Any contraindication to lactation/implant use including diseases transmittable by breast milk (screen by past medical history) * Liver dysfunction (screen by past medical history) * Use of drugs that inhibit lactation (screen by medical history) * Sensitivity to the components of the ENG implant (screen by past medical history) * Contraindications to use the implant by the (US MEC) (screen by past medical history) * Active labor * Delivery at \< 37 weeks gestational age

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As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Contraception

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • University of New Mexico

    Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, United States

  • University of Utah

    Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States

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