Your gut bacteria might hold the key to lung cancer treatment

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 and 80 years; 2. Newly diagnosed, driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) confirmed by histopathology (Stage IIA-IIIB); 3. At least one measurable lesion as defined by RECIST version 1.1; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1; 4. No prior systemic therapy or radiotherapy; 5. Eligible for surgical resection and suitable for neoadjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy as determined by multidisciplinary evaluation; 6. Signed written informed consent prior to study participation; 7. Adequate pulmonary ventilation and diffusion function confirmed by pre-enrollment pulmonary function test to allow for surgical resection. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Requirement for systemic glucocorticoid therapy or other immunosuppressive treatments; 2. Use of antibiotics or presence of infections requiring antibiotic therapy within the past 3 months; 3. Probiotic use within 3 months prior to enrollment; 4. Presence of obstructive pneumonia, cancerous cavitation, or active pulmonary tuberculosis; 5. Presence of bronchiectasis, concurrent pulmonary infections, pulmonary fibrosis, or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; 6. Presence of a primary tumor in another organ; 7. Receipt of chemotherapy or any other cancer treatment prior to enrollment; 8. Confirmed brain metastases by contrast-enhanced MRI before enrollment; 9. Active or pre-existing autoimmune diseases; 10. Uncontrolled comorbidities including heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, or interstitial lung disease; 11. Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or detectable hepatitis C RNA requiring treatment; 12. Known history or positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); 13. Pregnant or breastfeeding women; 14. Previous treatment with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.