New hope for GVHD patients who fail standard therapy?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Voluntarily signed the informed consent form, with age ≥18 years at the time of ICF signing; 2. Recipients who have undergone non-myeloablative, myeloablative, or reduced-intensity allo-HSCT (allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) from any donor source (matched unrelated donor, sibling, or haploidentical) using bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells, or umbilical cord blood; 3. Complete donor engraftment: donor STR ≥95%, peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>0.5×10⁹/L, platelet count \>25×10⁹/L (use of growth factors, transfusion support, etc., is permitted); 4. aGVHD patients who have failed second-line treatment including ruxolitinib, defined as follows: * GVHD progression: Progressive GVHD (i.e., an increase in the grading of any organ system or involvement of any new organ) compared to pre-ruxolitinib treatment, after receiving ruxolitinib therapy for ≥5 to 10 days; * No response to treatment: Failure to achieve partial response or better improvement in GVHD compared to pre-treatment after at least 14 days of ruxolitinib therapy; * Loss of response: Objective worsening of GVHD (manifested as increased grading or new organ involvement) after initial improvement, occurring at any time point; * Intolerance: Patients with stable or improving SR-aGVHD who discontinue ruxolitinib due to drug-related toxicity (as assessed by the treating physician). 5. ECOG score: 0-2; 6. Expected survival greater than 4 weeks; 7. Ability to swallow tablets; 8. Ability to comply with study and follow-up procedures. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who have undergone ≥2 allo-HSCT procedures; 2. Development of SR-aGVHD following unplanned donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) administered for the treatment of malignant relapse. Note: Patients who received planned DLI as part of the transplant procedure, not intended for managing malignant relapse, may be enrolled; 3. Prior use of ruxolitinib in combination with \>1 systemic therapy for steroid-refractory aGVHD; 4. Concurrent use of other JAK inhibitors besides ruxolitinib for treatment. Patients who discontinued JAK inhibitor therapy for aGVHD due to side effects rather than refractoriness are also eligible for the study; 5. Patients with active bleeding; 6. Patients diagnosed with or suspected of having chronic GVHD; 7. Presence of uncontrolled active infection. Uncontrolled active infection is defined as: hemodynamic instability due to sepsis, or worsening of symptoms, signs, or radiographic findings attributable to the infection. Persistent fever without symptoms or with resolving symptoms is not considered an uncontrolled active infection; 8. Patients with unresolved toxicity or complications due to allo-HSCT (excluding aGVHD); 9. Any significant clinical or laboratory abnormality that may affect safety evaluation, such as: 1. Uncontrolled diabetes (fasting blood glucose \>13.9 mmol/L); 2. Hypertension that cannot be controlled to the following range (systolic blood pressure \<160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure \<100 mmHg) with two or more antihypertensive agents; 3. Peripheral neuropathy (NCI-CTCAE v5.0 Grade 2 or higher). 10. History of New York Heart Association Class III or IV congestive heart failure, uncontrolled or unstable angina, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, or pulmonary embolism within 6 months prior to screening; 11. Presence of arrhythmia requiring treatment at the time of screening, or patients with QTc interval (QTcB) \>480 ms; 12. Impaired renal function at screening (serum creatinine \>1.5 × ULN);