Could a multiple sclerosis drug help save insulin cells in type 1 diabetes?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Willing and able to participate in the study and provide signed informed consent * Aged 18 to 65 years * Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus according to ADA 2024 criteria * Positive for at least 2 islet autoantibodies among insulin autoantibody (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibody (IA-2A), islet cell antibody (ICA), and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) * Random C-peptide level greater than or equal to 200 pmol/L Note: \- For participants who have used insulin for more than 14 days, a positive IAA result must be accompanied by at least 2 additional positive autoantibodies other than IAA Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant or breastfeeding women, positive urine pregnancy test at screening, or inability to rule out pregnancy in the opinion of the investigator * Good glycemic control with oral antidiabetic drugs alone * Participation in other studies involving diabetes treatment or immunomodulation * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal * Patients with renal insufficiency or evidence of renal impairment: eGFR \<60 mL/min/1.73 m²; or other renal diseases considered by the investigator to be unsuitable for study enrollment * History of malignancy, uncontrolled immune system disease, or uncontrolled infection * Alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychiatric disorder, or other conditions considered unsuitable for participation in a drug trial * Use of other immunosuppressive agents within 12 weeks before enrollment * Participation in any other drug trial within 12 weeks before enrollment * History of multiple drug allergies, allergic diseases, hypersensitivity constitution, or drug dependence * Any disease or condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with study participation or evaluation