Can better school toilets and water keep kids in class?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: CLUSTER LEVEL (school) * Government primary school, operational at the time of the October-November 2025 rapid vulnerability assessment, located in one of the nine districts of the Karamoja sub-region (Abim, Amudat, Kaabong, Karenga, Kotido, Moroto, Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit, Napak) * Classified in the severe or acutely affected moderate water insecurity tier on the adapted HWISE assessment, and among the 60 highest composite priority scores across all 182 assessed schools * Hydrological viability confirmed: sub-surface geology and groundwater survey establish the feasibility of a viable water source at or adjacent to the school site * Head teacher and school administration grant permission for facility observation and school records capture INDIVIDUAL LEVEL Pupils: * Enrolled in grades P2 to P7 at a trial school and appearing on the current enrolment register at the time of sampling * Selected by systematic random sampling from the enrolment register with proportional representation across grades * Parent or legal guardian has provided written informed consent, and the pupil has provided assent * For the menstrual health sub-sample: post-menarche, approximately aged 11 to 17 Caregivers: * Parent or legal guardian of a sampled pupil, matched one-to-one * Provides own informed consent Teachers and head teachers: * Currently employed and appearing on the staff register of a trial school * Teachers selected by simple random sampling from the staff register, six per school * Provide their own informed consent Community leaders: * Local council chairperson, religious leader, women's group representative or community elder resident in the catchment area of a trial school * Provides own informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Schools not confirmed hydrologically viable for a school-site water source * Schools outside the top 60 composite priority scores * Pupils not appearing on the current enrolment register at the time of sampling * Any individual for whom consent (and, for pupils, both guardian consent and pupil assent) is not obtained * Any individual who declines or withdraws at any point, without requirement to give a reason and without consequence