Can fixing sleep ease ADHD in teens? a new trial puts CBT-I to the test

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Cantonese-speaking adolescent aged 12-18 years old; 2. A diagnosis of ADHD as confirmed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-version-IV (DISC-IV); 3. Having a DSM-5 diagnosis of insomnia disorder and with a score on Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) ≥ 9 (suggested cut-off for adolescents); 4. Written informed consent of participation into the study is given by the participant and his/her parent or guardian (for those aged under 18); 5. Being able to comply with the study protocol; 6. Those who are not on ADHD medication or have been stabilized on psychostimulant or nonstimulant ADHD medications (maintaining the optimal medication dosage for at least 6 months). Exclusion Criteria: 1. A current diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence; a current or past history of manic or hypomanic episode, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, autism spectrum disorder, organic mental disorders, or intellectual disabilities; 2. Having a prominent medical condition known to interfere with sleep continuity and quality (e.g., severe eczema, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease); 3. Having a clinically diagnosed sleep disorder that may potentially contribute to a disruption in sleep continuity and quality, such as narcolepsy, sleep-disordered breathing, and restless leg syndrome; 4. Concurrent, regular use of psychotropic medications(s) known to affect sleep continuity and quality (e.g., hypnotics, steroids), except for the use of psychostimulant medication for ADHD; 5. Receiving ongoing psychological treatment for sleep problems; 6. With hearing or speech deficit; 7. In the opinion of the research clinician, having a clinically significant suicidality (e.g., with suicidal ideation with a plan or a suicide attempt in the recent one month), and/or endorsing "nearly everyday" for item 9 (suicidal thoughts) in the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9).