Engineered immune cells take on Hard-to-Treat myeloma
NCT ID NCT03601078
First seen Jun 25, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time
Summary
This study tested a therapy called bb2121, made from a patient's own immune cells that are reprogrammed to attack myeloma cells. It included over 300 people with multiple myeloma that had returned or was high-risk. The goal was to see if the treatment could shrink tumors and control the disease. Researchers also looked at combining it with other drugs in certain groups.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- bb2121 (a CAR-T cell therapy made from the patient's own immune cells, engineered to target and kill myeloma cells)
- What this could lead to
- If successful, this could provide a new treatment option for people with multiple myeloma that has come back or is hard to treat, potentially leading to better disease control.
- What could go wrong
- This is a Phase 2 study, so results are still early. The therapy may not work for everyone, and there are risks like severe side effects (e.g., cytokine release syndrome, nerve problems). Long-term benefits are not yet known.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Phase 2
Tests whether the treatment actually works, and watches for side effects, in a larger group.
- Participants
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312 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Dec 2018
- Finished
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Jan 2026
- Lead sponsor
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A company
The lead sponsor is a pharmaceutical, biotech, or medical-device company.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
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Not accepted
This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: Subjects must satisfy the following criteria to be enrolled in the study: 1. Subject is ≥ 18 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent form (ICF) 2. For Cohorts 1 and 2 only, participant has measurable disease, defined as: * M-protein (serum protein electrophoresis \[sPEP\] or urine protein electrophoresis \[uPEP\]): sPEP ≥ 0.5 g/dL or uPEP ≥ 200 mg/24 hours and/or * Light chain MM without measurable disease in the serum or urine: Serum immunoglobulin free light chain ≥ 10 mg/dL and abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa lambda free light chain ratio 3. Subjects with one of the following cohort specific requirements: Cohort 1 RRMM subjects with ≥ 3 prior anti-myeloma treatment regimens: * Subject must have received at least 3 prior anti-myeloma treatment regimens. Note: induction with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplant and with or without maintenance therapy is considered a single regimen * Subject must have undergone at least 2 consecutive cycles of treatment for each regimen, unless PD was the best response to the regimen * Subject must have received prior treatment with a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent and an anti-CD38 antibody * Subject has evidence of PD on or within 60 days of the most recent prior treatment regimen * Subject achieved a response (minimal response \[MR\] or better) to at least 1 prior treatment regimen Cohort 2 subjects with 1 prior anti-myeloma treatment regimen: * Subject must have received only 1 prior anti-myeloma treatment regimen. Note: induction with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplant and with or without maintenance therapy is considered a single regimen * Subject must have the following HR factors: * Early relapse defined as: Cohort 2a: PD \< 18 months since date of start of initial therapy. Initial therapy must contain induction, ASCT (single or tandem) and lenalidomide containing maintenance. Cohort 2b: PD \< 18 months since date of start or initial therapy which must contain at minimum, a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent and dexamethasone Cohort 2c: Subject must have received minimum 3 cycles of induction therapy which must contain at minimum, a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent and dexamethasone. Subjects must have had ASCT (single or tandem AND \< VGPR (excluding PD) at first assessment between 70 to 110 days after last ASCT, with initial therapy without consolidation and maintenance. Cohort 3 participants with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) who received only induction and ASCT, without subsequent consolidation or maintenance Cohort 3 * Must have received 4 to 6 cycles of induction therapy which must contain at minimum, a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory agent and must have had single ASCT within 6 months prior to consent * Must have achieved documented PR or VGPR at first post-ASCT assessment approximately 100 days after ASCT and this response must be maintained at screening * Per Investigator's assessment, subject must be a candidate for single-agent lenalidomide maintenance 4. Subject must have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 1 5. Subject must have recovery to Grade 1 or baseline of any non-hematologic toxicities due to prior treatments, excluding alopecia and Grade 2 neuropathy Exclusion Criteria: The presence of any of the following will exclude a subject from enrollment: 1. Subject used any investigational agents within 14 days prior to leukapheresis or, for Cohort 3, within 14 days prior to consent 2. Subject received any of the following within the last 14 days prior to leukapheresis or, for Cohort 3, within 14 days prior to consent: 1. Plasmapheresis 2. Major surgery (as defined by the investigator) 3. Radiation therapy other than local therapy for myeloma associated bone lesions 4. Use of any systemic anti-myeloma drug therapy 3. Subject with known central nervous system involvement with myeloma 4. Subject has clinical evidence of pulmonary leukostasis and disseminated intravascular coagulation 5. History or presence of clinically relevant central nervous system (CNS) pathology 6. Subject with active or history of plasma cell leukemia, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, POEMS syndrome, or clinically significant amyloidosis 7. Inadequate organ function Subject with a history of Class III or IV congestive heart failure (CHF) or severe nonischemic cardiomyopathy, unstable or poorly controlled angina, myocardial infarction, or ventricular arrhythmia within the previous 6 months prior to starting study treatment 8. Ongoing treatment with chronic immunosuppressants 9. Previous history of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or treatment with any gene therapy-based therapeutic for cancer or investigational cellular therapy for cancer or BCMA targeted therapy 10. Subject has received ASCT within 12 weeks prior to leukapheresis 11. Subject has history of primary immunodeficiency 12. Subject is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), chronic or active hepatitis B or active hepatitis A or C 13. Subject has uncontrolled systemic fungal, bacterial, viral or other infection (including tuberculosis) despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment 14. Subject with prior history of malignancies, other than MM, unless the subject has been free of the disease for ≥ 5 years 15. Pregnant or lactating women 16. Subject with known hypersensitivity to any component of bb2121 product, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and/or tocilizumab 17. Prior history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolus (PE) within 6 months prior to consent (For Cohort 3) 18. For Cohort 1b, previous treatment with any G Protein-Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member D (GPRC5D) targeted therapy or T-cell engagers 19. For Cohort 1b, known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to talquetamab or its excipients
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States
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Clinica Universidad de Navarra
Pamplona, 31008, Spain
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Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, New York, 10032, United States
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Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts, 02215-5450, United States
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Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
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Froedtert Hospital BMT Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, United States
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John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center
Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States
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Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
London, SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
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Levine Cancer Institute
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28204, United States
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Local Institution - 404
Poitiers, 86021, France
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Local Institution - 505
Würzburg, 97080, Germany
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Local Institution - 506
Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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Local Institution - 603
Bologna, 40138, Italy
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Local Institution - 704
Salamanca, 37007, Spain
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MD Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas
Houston, Texas, 77030, United States
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Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02117, United States
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Mayo Clinic in Arizona - Scottsdale
Scottsdale, Arizona, 85259, United States
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Moffitt Cancer Center
Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States
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Mt Sinai Medical Center - NY
New York, New York, 10029, United States
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Swedish Cancer Inst
Seattle, Washington, 98104, United States
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Tennessee Oncology PLLC
Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, United States
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University Of California San Francisco Medical Center
San Francisco, California, 94143, United States
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University Of Nebraska
Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-7680, United States
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University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
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Washington University
St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
More trials for these conditions
Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.
- Cheap blood count ratios eyed as window into Myeloma's inflammatory grip
- Can a t-cell engager rescue myeloma that outsmarted CAR-T?
- Can myeloma treatment work without steroids?
- Double-Drug attack on Hard-to-Treat lymphomas
- Banking blood and bone marrow to decode plasma cell disorders
- Which scan sees hidden myeloma better: PET or MRI?