Physician and patient preferences for cell therapies in advanced solid tumors: a discrete choice experiment

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Physicians Physicians must meet ALL of the following criteria: 1. Hold a valid medical practitioner license issued in the People's Republic of China and currently practice at a medical institution in China; 2. Specialize in medical oncology or another specialty directly involved in the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors (e.g., thoracic oncology, gastrointestinal oncology, genitourinary oncology, or gynecologic oncology; surgical oncologists or radiation oncologists with prescribing authority for systemic anticancer therapy are also eligible); 3. Hold a professional title of attending physician or above; 4. Have directly participated in systemic treatment decision-making for patients with advanced (unresectable stage III or stage IV) solid tumors within the past 12 months; 5. Have a basic understanding of cell therapies (e.g., CAR-T, TIL, TCR-T, and NK cell therapies) and their therapeutic principles; 6. Participate voluntarily and provide electronic informed consent. * Patients Patients must meet ALL of the following criteria: 1. Aged 18 years or older; 2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced solid tumor (unresectable stage III or stage IV; e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma, or ovarian cancer); 3. Received at least one prior line of systemic anticancer therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or other cellular immunotherapy) in the advanced or metastatic setting; 4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2, with adequate cognitive and physical capacity to complete the questionnaire; 5. Able to understand the questionnaire content independently or with assistance from a study coordinator; 6. Participate voluntarily and provide electronic informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Physicians Physicians meeting ANY of the following criteria will be excluded: 1. Individuals engaged exclusively in basic research without direct involvement in clinical patient care; 2. Individuals unable, for any reason, to understand the questionnaire content or make independent judgments. * Patients Patients meeting ANY of the following criteria will be excluded: 1. Patients who are unaware of their tumor stage or treatment status; 2. Severe cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorders that preclude comprehension of the questionnaire content or independent judgment; 3. Estimated life expectancy of less than 3 months as assessed by the treating physician, or insufficient physical capacity to complete the questionnaire; 4. Uncontrolled acute illness or other urgent medical conditions that make study participation inadvisable.