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Visual biofeedback may help children master the /s/ sound

NCT ID NCT07041723

Disease control Sponsor: Montclair State University Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Aug 31, 2026 · Last updated Sep 01, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This trial tests whether a visual biofeedback method, delivered online, can help children aged 8 to 17 who struggle with the /s/ sound. Participants see a real-time visual display of their speech and are guided to match a target pattern for correct /s/ production. After a baseline period, each child receives 20 one-hour teletherapy sessions over 10 weeks. Researchers will measure speech accuracy and also ask parents about any changes in the child's social and emotional well-being.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Visual-acoustic biofeedback for sibilants delivered via teletherapy
What this could lead to
If it works, this approach could offer an effective, home-based treatment for children with persistent /s/ speech errors, improving their speech and social confidence.
What could go wrong
This is a small early trial with only six children, so results may not apply to everyone. The treatment requires consistent practice and may not work for all speech sound errors.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

About 6 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Jul 2025

Expected to finish

Jul 2027

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

8 to 17 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 8;0 and 17;11 years at the time of enrollment * English as the dominant language (must have begun learning English by age 3, per parent report) * Passes pure-tone hearing screening at 30 dB hearing level * Passes brief examination of oral structure and function * Less than 30% accuracy, based on consensus across 2 trained listeners, on a probe list eliciting fricative /s, z/ in various phonetic contexts at the word level * No more than 3 sounds other than /s/ in error on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3 (GFTA-3) * Diagnosis of ADHD, learning disability, dyslexia, or neurodiversity is admissible if participant meets cutoff scores on evaluation day 1 * History of CAS is admissible if participant meets cutoff scores on evaluation day 1 * Braces and removable retainers are admissible * Access to a laptop or desktop computer and a quiet space for study sessions Exclusion Criteria: * Scaled score of 7 or higher on the Recalling Sentences and Formulated Sentences subtests of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-5 (CELF-5) * History of permanent hearing loss (temporary hearing loss due to otitis media, including recurrent OM/tubes, is admissible) * History of developmental disorder (e.g., Down syndrome, cerebral palsy) * History of major brain injury, surgery, or stroke in the past year (mild concussion is admissible) * Active diagnosis of epilepsy or other neurological disorder (permissible if well-controlled for at least 6 months) * Current diagnosis of voice or fluency disorder * Current presence of orthodontia that crosses the palate (braces and removable retainers are admissible) * Lack of access to a laptop or desktop computer and a quiet space for study sessions

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

articulation disorder Speech Sound Disorder speech-sound disorder

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Speech sound disorder

How to take part

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  1. The places running it

    1 site. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  3. A doctor treating you

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Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Montclair State University

    RECRUITING

    Bloomfield, New Jersey, 07003, United States

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